炭疽芽孢杆菌中和性抗体的研究进展

炭疽芽孢杆菌的中和性抗体在炭疽的被动免疫和治疗中有着重要的意义。抗保护性抗原（protective antigen,PA）抗体既能够抑制芽孢出芽又具有中和毒素的作用。抗致死因子（lethal factor,LE）/水肿因子（edema factor,EF）抗体能阻断致死毒素（lethal toxin,LT）/水肿毒素（edema toxin,ET）发挥活性,荚膜抗体能结合补体导致细菌繁殖体裂解。同时中和性抗体的水平也可以作为保护性免疫的评价标准。另一方面中和性单克隆抗体可以作为分析确定PA的中和性表位的有力工具。对中和性表位的分析既有利于探索炭疽毒素致病机制,也可以为现有炭疽疫苗的使用和发展表位疫苗等新型炭疽疫苗提供理论依据。该文综述了炭疽芽孢杆菌中和性抗体的研究进展。

Progress in research on neutralizing antibody against Bacillus anthracis

Many investigations indicated that neutralizing antibody against Bacillus anthracis plays an important role in passive immunity and postexposure treatment.Anti-PA（protective antigen）antibodies not only inhibit the germination of spores but also neutralize toxins.Anti-LE（lethal factor）/EF（edema factor）antibodies can block the effects of LT（lethal toxin）/ET（edema toxin）.Anti-capsular antibodies can mediate the cleavage of vegetative B.anthracis cells.The level of neutralizing antibody also can be used as the criterion for evaluating protective immunity.The confirmation and analysis of neutralizing epitopes against PA by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies showed that there is dominant neutralizing epitope in domains 2 and 4 of PA.This finding contributes to the exploration of pathogenicity of anthrax toxin and offers theoretical basis for the development of a new epitopes-based vaccine against anthrax.In this paper,the progress in research on neutralizing antibody against B.anthralis is reviewed.