受血和手术前血源传播疾病的检测及其在医院感染控制中的意义

目的 探讨住院患者受血前和手术前血液传染性指标检测在医院感染控制中的临床意义。方法对5836例手术前和受血前患者，采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测乙型肝炎(乙肝)5项免疫学标志。乙肝前S1抗原，甲型肝炎抗体(HAV IgM)，丙型肝炎抗体(抗HCV)，艾滋病抗体(抗HIV)，梅毒抗体(TPAb)，TPAb阳性者采用梅毒血清学(TRUST)法复检。结果住院患者受血前和手术前乙肝5项免疫学标志检测中，单项或多项指标阳性者为60．09％。乙肝前sl抗原阳性率为4．97％，卜IAVIgM阳性率0．24％，抗HCV阳性率为1．90％，TRUST法阳性率0．45％。未检出抗HIV阳性者。结论 患者受血前和手术前进行多项血液传染性标志物指标检测是必要的，对血源性医院感染的诊断与预防提供依据，减少医疗责任纠纷，防止或减少职业感染具有十分重要的意义。

Importance of detection of blood - borne diseases for pre-blood-transfusive and preoperative patients in nosocomial infection control

Objective To evaluate the importance of detection of blood-borne diseases for pre-blood-transfusive and preoperative patients in nosocomial infection control. Methods Five immunological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), HBV preS1 antigen, anti-HAV IgM, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and Treponema pallidum antibody (TPAb) were detected with ELISA in 5 836 pre-blood-transfusive and preoperative patients, patients with positive TPAb were test again with TRUST method. Results The positive rate of single or multiply markers of five immunological markers of HBV was 60.09%, the positive rate of HBV preS1 antigen, anti-HAV IgM, anti-HCV was 4.97%, 0.24%, 1.90% respectively, the positive rate of TRUST was 0.45%, anti-HIV was not found. Conclusion It is necessary to detect the blood-borne diseases for pre-blood-transfusive and preoperative patients, which can provide evidence for the diagnosis and prevention of nosocomial infection as well as the reduce medical dispute.