1973-2005年中国居民传染病、母婴和营养缺乏性疾病死亡趋势

目的 分析1973-2005年我国居民传染病、母婴和营养缺乏性疾病死亡率、死亡构成及其变化趋势.方法 使用3次全国死因回顾调查资料进行统计分析,分别是:1973-1975年中国恶性肿瘤死亡调查,调查人年数为2 513 949 310;1990-1992年中国恶性肿瘤死亡调查,调查人年数为335 213 493;2004-2005年全国第3次死因回顾抽样调查,调查人年数为142 660 482,分为0～、15～、60～岁3个年龄段.根据调查收集的人口资料和死亡个案数据计算年龄别、性别、疾病别粗死亡率,使用2000年我国人口普查的人口计算标化死亡率.结果 1973-1975年、1990-1992年和2004-2005年调查中居民传染病、母婴和营养缺乏性疾病的死亡数分别为4 913 521、284 811和47 161例,粗死亡率分别为195.45/10万、84.96/10万和33.06/10万,标化死亡率分别为158.71/10万、70.76/10万和27.98/10万.2004-2005年调查中城市、农村居民传染病、母婴和营养缺乏性疾病的死亡数分别为11 752、35 409例,粗死亡率分别为24.69/10万、37.35/10万,标化死亡率分别为19.62/10万和32.12/10万;男、女性死亡数分别为26 176、20 985例,粗死亡率分别为35.87/10万、30.11/10万,标化死亡率分别为35.23/10万和26.65/10万;东、中、西部地区的死亡数分别为13 286、13 922和19 953例,粗死亡率分别为25.28/10万、27.97/10万和49.48/10万,标化死亡率分别为21.33/10万、28.10/10万和45.98/10万;死亡排位前3位的传染病、母婴和营养缺乏性疾病为肺炎、结核病、病毒性肝炎,其死亡数分别为14 265、8537和5771例,粗死亡率分别为10.00/10万、5.98/10万和4.05/10万,标化死亡率分别为8.88/10万,5.46/10万和3.74/10万.2004-2005年调查中传染病、母婴和营养缺乏性疾病死亡数占全部死亡数(868 484例)的5.43%.较1973-1975年的27.87%(4 913 521/17 629 350)下降了80.52%.结论 我国传染病、母婴和营养缺乏性疾病的死亡率总体上呈显著下降趋势,农村高于城市,男性高于女性,西部地区高于东、中部地区.

The mortality trends of infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal diseases, and nutritional deficiencies in China,1973-2005

Objective To analyze the mortality and the constitution of total deaths of infectious disease, maternal and perinatal diseases, nutritional deficiencies and their trends in China, 1973-2005. Methods The following data collected from three national retrospective sampling surveys of death causes were used: 1973 - 1975 nation-wide cancer mortality survey for person years of approximately 2 513 949 310; 1990 - 1992 nation-wide cancer mortality survey for person years of approximately 335 213 493; 2004-2005 the 3rd national retrospective sampling survey of death cause for person years of approximately 142 660 482 by three age groups (0-, 15 - and 60 - ). Based on the data, the crude death rates of ages, genders and diseases were calculated. The standardized death rates were calculated using the population census data of 2000. Results The total number of deaths caused by infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal diseases, and nutritional deficiencies were 4 913 521,284 811 and 47 161 in 1973 - 1975, 1990 - 1992 and 2004 - 2005, respectively; the crude death rates were 195.45, 84. 96, 33.06 per 100 000, and the standardized death rates were 158.71,70.76, 27.98 per 100 000. Total number of deaths caused by the above diseases in urban and rural areas were 11 752 and 35 409 during 2004 - 2005, respectively; the crude death rates were 24.69 and 37.35 per 100 000 , and the standardized death rates were 19.62 and 32. 12 per 100 000. There were 26 176 deaths due to the above diseases in male and 20 985 in female; the crude death rates were 35.87 and 30.11 per 100 000;the standardized death rates were 35.23 and 26.65 per 100 000. The number of deaths reported in different regions were 13 286, 13 922 and 19 953 in eastern, central and western areas respectively; the crude death rates were 25.28, 27.97 and 49.48 deaths per 100 000;the standardized death rates were 21.33,28.10 and 45.98 per 100 000. The top three causes of death were pneumonia, tuberculosis and virus hepatitis, and the case numbers were 14 265, 8537 and 5771, respectively. The death rates were 10.00,5.98 and 4.05 per 100 000, the standardized death rates were 8.88,5.46 and 3.74 per 100 000. The percentage of total deaths(868 484 cases) of infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal diseases, and nutritional deficiencies was 5.43%, which was decreased 80.52% from 1973-1975 (27.87%, 4 913 521/17 629 350). Conclusions The mortality of infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal dieseases, and nutritional deficiencies were generally consistent with long-term decreasing trends observed, the mortality in urban area was greater than that in rural area, the rate in male was greater than that in female, the rate in western region was greater than that in central and eastern regions.