Green tea protects human osteoblasts from cigarette smoke-induced injury: possible clinical implication |
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Authors: | Nina Holzer Karl F. Braun Sabrina Ehnert José T. Ega?a Thilo L. Schenck Arne Buchholz Lilianna Schyschka Markus Neumaier Steffen Benzing Ulrich St?ckle Thomas Freude Andreas K. Nussler |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Traumatology, MRI, Technische Universit?t M??nchen, Munich, Germany 2. BG Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls Universit?t T??bingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, T??bingen, Germany 3. Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Technische Universit?t M??nchen, Munich, Germany 4. FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 5. Fresenius Kabi GmbH, Oberursel, Germany
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Abstract: | Purpose Recent reports discuss the altered bone homeostasis in cigarette smokers, being a risk factor for osteoporosis and negatively influencing fracture healing. Cigarette smoke is known to induce oxidative stress in the body via an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These increases in ROS are thought to damage the bone-forming osteoblasts. Naturally occurring polyphenols contained in green tea extract (GTE), e.g., catechins, are known to have anti-oxidative properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether GTE and especially catechins protect primary human osteoblasts from cigarette smoke-induced damage and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Methods Primary human osteoblasts were isolated from patients?? femur heads. Cigarette smoke medium (CSM) was obtained using a gas-washing bottle and standardized by its optical density (OD320) at ???=?320?nm. ROS formation was measured using 2??7??dichlorofluorescein diacetate, and osteoblasts?? viability was detected by resazurin conversion. Results Co-, pre-, and post-incubation with GTE and catechins significantly reduced ROS formation and thus improved the viability of CSM-treated osteoblasts. Besides GTE??s direct radical scavenging properties, pre-incubation with both GTE and catechins protected osteoblasts from CSM-induced damage. Inhibition of the anti-oxidative enzyme HO-1 significantly reduced the protective effect of GTE and catechins emphasizing the key role of this enzyme in GTE anti-oxidative effect. Conclusions Our data suggest possible beneficial effects on bone homeostasis, fracture healing, and bone mineral density following a GTE-rich diet or supplementation. |
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