日本的医局

介绍了日本医局和医局的构成，阐明了医局对医局员的责任以及医局员应具有的责任义务，表明医局是一种民间自主组织，其具有组织严密、能够自我管理和自我完善等特点，且资金自筹，不增加政府的负担，并在专业人员管理、病人调配、医生继续教育及普及居民健康教育等方面具有一定的优势。建议我国可以此为借鉴，增加医学会、医师协会等的自主权限，提高这些组织的自我管理和自我完善能力，完善卫生管理体制改革。

Yikyoku in Japan

The paper gives an account of Yikyoku in Japan and its composition and explains its responsibilities towards its members as well as the members' duties and obligations.It shows that Yikyoku is a nongovernmental autonomous organization,characterized by rigorous organization and the capability for self-management and self-perfection.It is able to raise money on its own,without adding burden to the government,and has certain advantages in the management of professional personnel,the allocation of patients,the continual education of physicians,and the spread of health education among citizens.It is suggested that China should draw on the experience of Japan in this aspect,expand the decision-making powers of medical societies and physicians' associations,enhance these organizations' capability for self-management and self-perfection,and further reform in the system of health management.