油橄榄叶提取物生物活性研究进展

橄榄油是"地中海膳食模式"中最重要的部分之一,很多的流行病学证据表明,地中海饮食的人群心血管系统疾病、皮肤癌和结肠癌等癌症的发病率均低于世界其他人群。地中海饮食的健康效果,不仅归因于橄榄油中单不饱和脂肪酸和维生素等营养素,还与以抗氧化作用而得名的酚类化合物有关。研究表明,油橄榄叶中含有的抗氧化活性成分大大多于油橄榄果实,橄榄苦苷和类黄酮等多酚类物质是油橄榄叶中的主要活性成分。油橄榄于1956年代少量传入我国,后在福建、两广、台湾、四川、陕西、云南等地广泛种植,甘肃陇南是油橄榄全国种植面积最大的区域。在每年冬天修剪油橄榄时会产生大量油橄榄叶,可以成为高附加值产品(酚类化合物)的丰富来源。该文通过查阅国内外文献,对油橄榄叶提取物生物活性包括抗微生物、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、对大脑及心血管系统的作用、抗糖尿病和镇痛、抗炎等方面的研究现状及可能的机制进行分类汇总,同时展望了油橄榄叶提取物的发展前景,油橄榄叶提取物的活性成分种类多、含量高,并存在抗氧化协同作用,为油橄榄叶的进一步研究和开发利用提供理论依据;油橄榄叶提取物具有丰富且廉价的来源和良好的生物利用率,为医药和保健方面的应用提供了广阔的空间。

Research progress on biological activities of Olea europaea leaf extract

Olea europaea oil is one of the most important part of the "Mediterranean dietary pattern", and a lot of epidemiological evidences showed that people with the Mediterranean diet having a lower morbidity of the cardiovascular system diseases, skin cancer and colon cancer. The health benefits of a Mediterranean diet not only attributed to monounsaturated fatty acids and vitamins and other nutrients in O. europaea oil, but also the phenolic compounds named as antioxidant effect. Studies have shown that O. europaea leaf contains much more antioxidant activity composition than the fruit, and oleuropein, flavonoids such polyphenols are the main active ingredients in O. europaea leaf. A small amount of O. europaea was introduced into China in 1956, after widely cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, and Longnan in Gansu province is the biggest O. europaea planting area in the country. In every winter pruning O. europaea will produce a large number of the leaves, which could be a high added value products (phenolic compounds) of rich source. This article through consulting the literature at home and abroad, classified and summarized the biological activity research status of O. europaea leaf extract and the possible mechanisms, including antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidation, and on the function of brain, cardiovascular system, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and analgesia and so on. At the same time looked ahead to its development prospects of O. europaea leaf extract, it has variety and high content of active ingredients, and antioxidant synergy, which provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of O. europaea leaf. And O. europaea leaf extract has a rich cheap source and good bioavailability, which provided a broad space in the application of medical and health care.