不同湿度高温环境下机体有氧运动能力相关指标比较

目的:探讨不同湿度高温环境对有氧运动能力的影响。方法:随机选取10名男性大学生为对象,设定环境温度为33℃,相对湿度分别为20%、40%、60%、80%作为模型,实验时间4周,两次测试之间间隔1周。测试时受试者进行递增负荷跑台运动,以8 km/h为起始速度,每分钟增加0.8 km/h到16 km/h为止,然后逐级加坡度,0.5%为起始坡度,每分钟递增0.5%直至受试者不能坚持,运动过程中监测心率、摄氧量、每分钟通气量(VE)以及主观用力感觉指数(RPE),测试前及结束后无名指采血测试血乳酸。结果:不同湿度高温环境下运动VE、最大心率(HRmax)、最大摄氧量(VO2max)无显著性差异,60%相对湿度下运动时VO2max(3831.7±313.16 ml/min)、VE(137.5±9.38 L/min)、HRmax(199.1±8.29 beat/min)均较其余相对湿度大。20%相对湿度组运动后3 min及5 min血乳酸较80%湿度组显著升高(P<0.05),60%相对湿度组运动后3 min血乳酸亦显著高于80%湿度组(P<0.05)。80%相对湿度组运动后1 min RPE仍显著高于40%相对湿度组(P<0.05),20%相对湿度组RPE值增加较缓慢,运动至第7和10 min时RPE值显著低于60%相对湿度组(P<0.05)。结论:与其余湿度相比,33℃高温环境下,80%相对湿度中机体有氧运动能力并未得到充分发挥。

Comparison of Aerobic Performances in Environments with Different Humidity and Heat

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of environments with different humidity and heat on the aerobic performance.Methods Ten athletes were selected randomly and then subjected to 33℃ and 20%,40%,60%,and 80% of humidity.They underwent progressive exercise on treadmill until fatigue.Heart rate(HR),oxygen uptake(VO2max),minute ventilation(VE)and RPE during exercise were monitored.Blood samples were drawn from ring finger before and immediately after exercise.Results No significant differences were found in VE,HR,and VO2max,but VO2max(3831.7 ± 313.16 ml/min),VE(137.5 ± 9.38 L/min),and HR(199.1 ± 8.29 beat/min)revealed their highest values in the environment with 60% of humidity.Blood lactate acid in the environment with 20% and 60% of humidity was higher than in the environment with humidity of 80 % after 3min-and 5min-exercise(P < 0.05),and after 3-min exercise(P < 0.05),respectively.RPE in environment with 80% of humidity was higher than in the environment with 40% of humidity after 1min-exercise(P < 0.05).RPE in environment with 20% of humidity increased slowly until 7min and 10min,and remained lower than in the environment with 60% of humidity(P < 0.05).Conclusion The aerobic performance of athletes can be inhibited by the environment with the humidity of 80% at 33℃.