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Citrate inhibition of snake venom proteases |
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| Authors: | GV Odell PC Ferry LM Vick AW Fenton LS Decker RL Cowell CL Ownby JM Gutierrez |
| Institution: | a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, 246B Noble Research Centre, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA b Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, 246B Noble Research Centre, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA c Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica |
| Abstract: | Thirty snake venoms had a citrate content of 2.3 to 12.9%, dry basis, by an aconitase–isocitric dehydrogenase coupled enzyme assay. This is a venom concentration range of approximately 30 to 150 mM citrate assuming 25% venom solids content. Inhibition of snake venom protease activity by the addition of exogenous citrate was obtained using azure blue hide powder and azocasein as substrates. Protease inhibitions of 7.5% for Crotalus atrox venom to 78% for Bothrops picadoi venom were observed with citrate. Complete inhibition of snake venom protease activity by citrate was not observed. Bothrops asper (Pacifico) venom showed a 41% protease inhibition by citrate with azocasein as the substrate and 46% inhibition of Bothrops asper (Alantico) venom protease with azure blue hide power as a substrate. Trypsin was not inhibited in this system. Citrate may inhibit some venom protease activity by forming a complex with the zinc of zinc-dependent enzymes. |
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