高频超声诊断鳃裂囊肿

目的 探讨鳃裂囊肿的高频超声特点及鉴别诊断.方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的14例鳃裂囊肿的高频超声表现.结果 14例鳃裂囊肿中,第一鳃裂7例,第二鳃裂5例,第三鳃裂2例；3例合并瘘管.囊肿均边界清晰,呈椭圆形或类圆形.超声表现分为3型:无回声或伴稀疏点状回声型4例；均匀或不均匀低回声内部密集回声型9例；混合回声型1例.6例后方回声增强.3例囊壁和1例囊壁及囊内结节可见彩色血流信号.超声诊断符合率为57.14％ (8/14).结论 鳃裂囊肿有经典发生部位,超声表现多样,需与颈部其他囊性肿物相鉴别.

High-frequency ultrasonographic diagnosis of branchial cleft cysts

Objective To investigate the features and differential diagnosis of branchial cleft cysts on high-frequency ultrasonic images. Methods Ultrasonic manifestations of 14 cases of branchial cleft cysts confirmed by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were 7 cases of the first branchial cleft cysts, 5 of the second branchial cleft cysts and 2 of the third branchial cleft cysts. Three of 14 cysts accompanied with fistulas. All the cysts were well defined with oval or similar round shape. Ultrasonic features were classified into 3 patterns: Anechoic or accompanied by raritas spot echo inside in 4 cases, homogeneous or heterogeneous hypoecho with intensive spot echo inside in 9 cases, mixed echo in 1 case. Six cases showed posterior enhancement. Three cases of capsula wall and 1 case of nodule showed color blood flow. The diagnostic accordance rate of ultrasound was 57.14% (8/14). Conclusion Branchial cleft cysts arise in their classical location and have various ultrasonic manifestations. They should be differentiated from other cystic cervical masses.