急性百草枯中毒导致肺纤维化的发生机制及治疗进展

百草枯是一种高效触杀性除草剂。百草枯吸收入血后主要聚集在肺，造成肺损伤，尤其是中毒晚期形成不可逆的肺纤维化后引起呼吸功能衰竭，而这是导致百草枯中毒者死亡的主要原因。百草枯的中毒机制目前仍不明，现推测氧化应激和炎症损伤是其最主要的致病机制，而基因表达异常、线粒体损伤、肺泡表面活性物质缺失、细胞因子网络和酶失衡等亦在其中发挥重要作用。目前针对百草枯中毒的临床治疗除减少毒物吸收、增加毒物清除外，主要以抗氧化和抗免疫反应为主，但效果欠佳。虽然国内外已提出很多新型的治疗方法，但大部分仍处于实验阶段。因此，探讨急性百草枯中毒导致肺纤维化的发生机制及寻求安全有效的治疗方法是当今研究的热点。本文就此研究进展作一综述。

Progress on pathogenesis and treatment of paraquat induced pulmonary fibrosis

Paraquat (PQ) is a highly effective herbicide with contact toxicity. PQ mainly accumulates in the lungs after absorption into the blood circulation. The respiratory function failure caused by PQ-induced lung injury, especially the irreversible pulmonary fibrosis in late phase, is the leading cause of death in patients with PQ poisoning. The mechanism of PQ poisoning is still unclear. Now it is speculated that oxidative stress and inflammation injury are the main pathogenic mechanisms, and abnormal gene expression, mitochondrial damage, loss of pulmonary surfactant, cytokine network and unbalanced matrix metalloproteinases/tissue inhibitors may be also involved in the pathogenesis. In addition to reducing poison absorption and increasing its removal, the current clinical treatment is mainly composed of antioxidant and anti-immune response, but has poor therapeutic effects. Although many novel methods of treatment have been proposed, most of them are still in the experimental stage. It is a hot spot to clarify the mechanism of PQ poisoning and to seek safe and effective treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. This article reviews the research progress on pathogenesis and treatment of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.