用于人工胰腺的血糖闭环控制方法研究进展

糖尿病患者的科学诊疗需要频繁进行血糖检测进而指导胰岛素注射。因此，具有血糖连续监测功能的闭环胰岛素泵系统（亦称人工胰腺），是医疗行业和众多学者急迫研究的目标。其中，具有时滞特点的血糖闭环控制问题，是人工胰腺系统开发过程中的关键与亟须突破的难点之一。文中首先分析介绍了人工胰腺系统组成结构与控制特点；然后对目前血糖闭环控制方法的研究进展进行了综述，从是否适应人工胰腺实际工作特点的角度对比分析各种控制方法的特点；再后从临床应用方面总结讨论了各种血糖控制算法应用进展情况，其中模型预测、比例-积分-微分（PID）与模糊控制是目前已开展临床试验研究并取得较好效果的血糖控制算法；最后分析指出，血糖控制算法的芯片植入及与之相关的算法精简优化、进餐预测、控制安全等，是需要未来进一步关注的问题。

Progress in Blood Glucose Closed-Loop Control Algorithms for Artificial Pancreas

In order to achieve proper glucose control, diabetes patients are required frequent blood glucose monitoring and insulin injection. Over the past three decades, automated closed loop insulin delivery systems with glucose monitoring function (called artificial pancreas) have been  largely investigated world-wide. In the system, algorithms that control insulin delivery in artificial pancreas with time delay are the most important issue. This review will introduce and analyze the components and control problems of existing artificial pancreas prototypes. Next we will focus on the blood glucose control algorithms that enable outpatient use of closed-loop insulin delivery system. The advantages and disadvantages of various control algorithms will be discussed from the point of adaptability in artificial pancreas. Latest clinical application of these glucose control algorithms in artificial pancreas system are also summarized and commented. Among those methods, model predictive control, PID and fuzzy control are efficient control  methods in clinical. The challenges and futher directions, such as rewrite algorithms in chips, meal prediction, and safety problem will be discussed.