从低钠血症看代谢性疾病的诊断思路

临床诊断思维主要有印象对比法、综合分析法和逐步排除法。其中，综合分析法和逐步排除法均较常用，都需要临床医师熟悉相关疾病病因。熟悉病因可以考虑从转化医学的角度出发，将基础医学知识和临床医学知识结合的记忆方法解决，即从物质和激素产生、分泌、作用、消除的各个环节，用病理生理和生物化学的视角认识和思考内分泌和代谢疾病，区分疾病病因。代谢性疾病主要研究机体中物质的多和少，其病因复杂。具体到低钠血症，可以从水钠代谢的过程出发，利用转化医学的思路逐步分析。

Clinical consideration of diagnosis in metabolic diseases from hyponatremia

Clinical consideration of diagnosis mainly included the impression comparison method, comprehensive analysis and stepwise elimination method, among them, comprehensive analysis and stepwise elimination method were commonly used.The clinicians should be familiar with the causes of related diseases.They could mixed the basic medical knowledge and clinical medical knowledge together from the perspective of translational medicine, that is, with physiological and biochemical perspective, understanding and thinking about the produce, secrete, function and elimination of material and hormone in endocrine and metabolic diseases and distinguishing the causes of disease.To distinguish the causes of hyponatremia, the clinicians should know the water and sodium metabolism from the consideration of translational medicine.