2013年广州医科大学附属第一医院细菌耐药性监测

目的：了解该院2013年临床常见分离菌的分布及对各种常用抗菌药物的耐药情况。方法药敏试验采用自动化仪器 MIC 法及纸片扩散法，按 CLSI 2013年版标准判断结果，采用 WHONET 5．6软件进行数据分析。结果2013年该院临床分离菌共4168株，其中革兰阳性菌907株，占21．8％，革兰阴性菌3261株，占78．2％。金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林株的检出率分别为48．7％和80．9％，未出现对万古霉素和利奈唑胺中介和耐药的葡萄球菌。未发现青霉素耐药肺炎链球菌株。出现了1株耐万古霉素屎肠球菌。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产 ESBLs 株检出率分别为58．8％和35．8％。非发酵菌占总分离菌的37．5％，铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为19．3％、14．2％，鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为68．9％、67．0％。结论非发酵菌分离率上升，铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药率较2012年有所下降。加强医院的细菌耐药性监测，对指导临床合理选择抗菌药物有重要的意义。

Surveillance of bacterial drug resistance in First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University during 2013

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of clinical common isolated bacteria from our hospital in 2013.Methods The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by using the automated systems with the MIC method and Kirby-Bauer method.The WHONET 5.6 software was adopted to conduct the data analysis according to the CLSI standard in 2013 version.Results A total of 4 168 strains of bacteria were clinically isolated in 2013,in which Gram-positive bacterial strains ac-counted for 21 .8%（907/4 168）and Gram-negative bacterial strains for 78.2%（3 261/4 168）.The prevalence of methicillin-resist-ant strains in S.aureus and coagulase negative staphylococcus was 48.7% and 80.9% respectively.No staphylococcal strain with resistant and intermediate to vancomycin and linezolid was found.Penicillin-resistant S.pneumonia strain was not found.And 1 strain of vancomycin- resistant E.faecium was found.The prevalence of ESBLs - producing strains was 58.8% in E.coli and 35.8% in K.pneumonia.Non-fermentative bacilli accounted for 37.5% in all bacterial isolates.The percentage of P.aeruginosa re-sistant to imipenem and meropenem was 19.3% and 14.2% respectively,the percentage of A.baumannii resistant to imipenem and meropenem was 68.9% and 67.0% respectively.Conclusion The isolation rate of non-fermentative bacilli is increased,the drug re-sistance rate of P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii is declined than that in 2012.Strengthening the surveillance of bacterial drug resist-ance in hospital has important significance for guiding rational selection of antimicrobial agents in clinic.