重庆市2021年学期初和学期末中学生抑郁和焦虑状况变化

  目的  调查重庆市中学生在不同时段的抑郁和焦虑状况变化，为后续青少年的心理健康研究与干预提供参考。  方法  2021年采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取重庆市1 505名初高中学生，在学期初(3—4月)和学期末(6—7月)分别采用流调用抑郁量表(CSE-D)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)调查中学生抑郁与焦虑状况。  结果  学期初调查结果显示，中学生抑郁症状检出434例(27.6%), 焦虑症状检出601例(38.2%)；学期末抑郁症状检出463例(30.8%)，焦虑症状检出653例(43.4%)。学期末中学生焦虑症状检出率明显高于学期初(43.4%，38.2%，χ2=8.55，P < 0.05)，女生在学期末焦虑症状检出率为52.8%，高于学期初的46.3%(χ2=6.19，P < 0.05)；高中生学期末焦虑症状检出率为44.9%，高于学期初的28.6%(χ2=43.33，P < 0.01)。学期初男生、初中生焦虑症状检出率与学期末差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为2.34，0.71，P值均>0.05)。  结论  一学期中不同时间段中学女生焦虑症状、高中生抑郁与焦虑症状检出率具有较大的差异。调查中学生抑郁和焦虑状况时，应考虑时间段的差异性。

Differences in the detection rates of depression and anxiety among middle school students in different time periods

  Objective  To investigates the prevalence of depression and anxiety among middle school students at different times, and to provide a reference for mental health promotion among adolescents.  Methods  A total of 1 505 middle school students, selected from Chongqing in 2021 by using multi-stage stratified random sampling method, were surveyed by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CSE-D) and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).  Results  At the beginning of the semester, 434(27.6%) and 601 students(38.2%) reported depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. While at the end of the semester showed that 463 cases (30.8%) were prone to depression, and 653 cases (43.4%) reported depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The detection rate of depressive symptoms at the end of the semester was significantly higher than that at the beginning of semester. (43.4%, 38.2%, χ2=8.55, P < 0.05). Depressive of female students at the end of the semester(52.8%) was higher than that at the beginning of the semester(46.3%)(χ2=6.19, P < 0.05) The detection rate of anxiety symptoms in senior high school students at the end of the semester(44.9%) was significantly higher than that of at the beginning of the semester(28.6%) (χ2=43.33, P < 0.01). No significant difference in anxiety symptoms boys and junior high school students between the beginning and the end of the semester (χ2=2.34, 0.71, P>0.05).  Conclusion  Substantial changes are observed in anxiety symptoms among female middle school students and depressive and anxiety symptoms among high school students in different periods of a semester. When investigating depression and anxiety of middle school students, time effect should be considered.