人际团体辅导对肥胖医学生人格特征的干预效果

  目的  了解医学院校肥胖学生人格特征及心理干预疗效，为更好地培育医学生健康人格提供科学依据。  方法  分层随机抽取上海市5所医学院校2020级学生3 760名，按《国家学生体质健康标准》筛查肥胖学生，对80名自愿参与者分组(实验组与对照组各40名)，对照组不作条件处理，实验组进行为期3个月，每2周1次，120 min/次，共6次的人际团体辅导干预。采用16PF和人际交往能力问卷进行前后测数据分析。  结果  学生总体肥胖率3.30%，男生肥胖率(8.07%)高于女生(1.22%)(χ2=29.03，P < 0.01)，农村学生肥胖率(3.72%)高于城市学生(2.30%)(χ2=41.81，P < 0.01)。心理干预后，实验组在主动交往、适当拒绝、自我表露维度均高于对照组(t值分别为2.48，3.48，2.29，P值均 < 0.05)，乐群性、兴奋性、心理健康、新环境中有成长能力个性因素均高于对照组(t值分别为2.31，2.18，2.10，2.33，P值均 < 0.05)，敏感性、怀疑性、忧虑性、紧张性、适应与焦虑型均低于对照组(t值分别为-2.20，-2.08，-2.17，-2.20，-2.14，P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  人格特征心理干预效果显著，可有效提高肥胖学生的人际沟通能力，完善其人格品质。

Effectiveness of personality-informed interpersonal group counseling intervention among obese students in medical colleges

  Objective  To understand the personality traits and the effects of personality-informed intervention among obese students in medical colleges, and to provide a scientific basis for better cultivating the healthy personality of medical students.  Methods  A total of 3 760 students in the class of 2020 from 5 medical colleges were randomly selected in Shanghai. Obesity was defined according to the National Physical Health Standard for Students. A total of 80 students were divided into experiment and control group(each 40). The experimental group received 6 interpersonal group counseling interventions for 3 months, once every 2 weeks for 120 min, while the control group received no intervention. 16PF test and Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire were used for pre-test and post-test experiment for data analysis.  Results  The overall obesity rate of students was 3.30%. Obesity rate of boys(8.07%) was significantly higher than that of girls(1.22%) (χ2=29.03, P < 0. 01), and obesity rate of rural students(3.72%) was higher than that of urban students(2.30%) (χ2=41.81, P < 0.01). Through psychological intervention, active communication, appropriate refusal, self disclosure in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (t=2.48, 3.48, 2.29, P < 0.05); the scores of gregariousness, excitement, mental health, adaptation in new environment in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=2.31, 2.18, 2.10, 2.33, P < 0.05), sensitivity and suspicion, concern, tension, adaptation and anxiety were significantly lower than those in the control group (t=-2.20, -2.08, -2.17, -2.20, -2.14, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Personality-informed interventionshowed substantial effects on interpersonal communication ability and personality traits among obese college students.