武汉市大学新生自杀意念和日常压力及积极心理健康的关联

  目的  了解武汉市大学新生的自杀意念现状及影响因素, 探讨日常压力、积极心理健康对其自杀意念的影响, 从积极心理的视角为提高大学新生心理健康水平、减少大学新生的自杀率提出对策。  方法  于2020年12月采用方便抽样方法, 抽取武汉市3所大学共2 592名大学新生进行问卷调查。调查内容包括一般人口学信息、自杀意念、积极心理健康、日常压力源等。采用t检验、Logistic回归分析等方法探究大学新生的自杀意念现状及其影响因素。  结果  大学新生过去1年自杀意念报告率为27.5%。与无自杀意念大学新生相比, 有自杀意念的大学新生日常压力总分及不同领域日常压力得分均较高(t=-13.00~-4.68), 积极心理健康得分较低(t=17.14), 差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示, 女生(OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.44~2.05)、母亲受教育程度为高中以上(OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.05~1.53)、日常压力总分(OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.09~1.13)与自杀意念的发生呈正相关(P值均 < 0.01)。积极心理健康(OR=0.88, 95% CI=0.87~0.90)与自杀意念的发生呈负相关(P < 0.01), 积极心理健康对日常压力与自杀意念的关系具有一定调节作用。  结论  大学新生自杀意念的形成与日常压力、积极心理健康有密切关系, 需要关注大学新生日常压力事件, 提高其积极心理健康水平, 降低大学新生自杀意念的发生。

Relationship between suicidal ideation,daily stress and positive mental health among college freshmem in Wuhan

  Objective  To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of suicidal ideation and the effects of daily stress and positive mental health on suicidal ideation among college freshmen in Wuhan.This study aims to provide a scientific basis for mental health improvement and suicide prevention among college students from the perspective of positive psychology.  Methods  In December 2020, a convenient sampling method was used to select 2 592 freshmen from three universities in Wuhan.Demographic information, suicidal ideation, positive mental health, and daily stress were assessed.T-test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the status and influencing factors of suicidal ideation among college freshmen.  Results  The one-year prevalence of suicidal ideation was 27.5%.Freshmen with suicidal ideation had higher daily stress scores and daily stress scores in different domains than freshmen without suicidal ideation (t=-13.00--4.68), the positive mental health scores of freshmen with suicidal ideation were lower than freshmen without suicidal ideation (t=17.14, P < 0.01).Female (OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.44-2.05), the higher education level of the mother (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.05-1.53) and total experience of daily stress (OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.09-1.13) were associated with risk of one-year suicidal ideation.Positive mental health was negatively associated with suicidal ideation (OR=0.88, 95% CI=0.87-0.90, P < 0.01) and had a moderating effect on the association between daily stress and suicidal ideation.  Conclusion  Suicidal ideation among college freshmen is closely related to daily stress and positive mental health.It is necessary to pay close attention to daily stress of freshmen and reduce suicidal ideation by improving positive mental health.