中国11~14岁儿童视屏时间与近视的关系

  目的  探讨中国11~14岁儿童视屏时间与近视的关系, 为儿童近视防控工作提供科学依据。  方法  利用科技基础资源调查专项"中国0~18岁儿童营养与健康系统调查与应用"数据, 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法, 在中国七大区域14个省、28个区/县调查点, 对12 397名11~14岁儿童进行问卷调查并收集每日视屏时间和视力信息。  结果  中国11~14岁儿童自我报告近视率为45.0%, 其中女童高于男童、城市高于农村, 且随年龄增加而增长(χ2值分别为178.82, 79.25, 495.96, P值均＜0.01);12 397名儿童的平均每日视屏时间为40.0(30.0, 60.0)min, 男童长于女童, 城市儿童长于农村儿童(χ2值分别为20.86, 102.68, P值均＜0.01)。每日视屏时间≥60 min男童自我报告近视率(42.5%)高于视屏时间＜60 min的男童(36.4%), 每日视屏时间≥60 min女童自我报告近视率(55.6%)高于视屏时间＜60 min的女童(48.0%)(χ2值分别为23.62, 34.15, P值均＜0.01)。经调整年龄、性别、地区、中高强度身体活动时间、含糖食品、含糖饮料摄入量和平均每日睡眠时长后, 多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示, 与每日视屏时间＜60 min比, ≥60 min(OR=1.14, 95%CI=1.03~1.27)的女童近视风险较高(P=0.01)。调整混杂因素后, 每日视屏时间和男童或女童的近视程度均无相关性(P值均＞0.05)。  结论  每天≥60 min视屏时间可能是11~14岁青春期女童近视的正性相关因素之一。鉴于影响视力的因素复杂, 需要进一步研究验证两者之间的关系。

Relationship between screen time and myopia in children aged 11-14 years in China

  Objective  To explore relationship between screen time and myopia in children aged 11-14 years in China.  Methods  The data were extracted from "National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey and Application for 0-18 Years Old Children". A total of 12 397 children aged 11-14 years old from 14 provinces and 28 districts/counties in seven regions of China were surveyed by using multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Daily screen time and visual acuity information were collected through a questionnaire.  Results  The myopia rate of 11-14 years old children in China was 45.0%, among which the rate of girls was higher than that of boys, and the rate of urban was higher than that of rural, and it increased with age (χ2=178.82, 79.25, 495.96, P < 0.01). The daily screen time median of 12 397 children was 40.0 minutes, with boys(40.0 min) longer than girls(35.0 min) and urban children(40 min) longer than rural children(33.0 min) (χ2=20.86, 102.68, P < 0.01). The myopia rate of boys (42.5%) with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes was higher than that of boys (36.4%) with daily screen time less than 60 minutes, and the myopia rate of girls (55.6%) with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes was higher than that of girls (48.0%)(χ2=23.62, 34.15, P < 0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, region, time of medium and high-intensity physical activity, intake of sugary food and sugary beverages, daily sleep time, multivariable Logistic regression model showed that girls with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes (OR=1.14, 95%CI=1.03-1.27) had a higher risk of myopia than those with less than 60 minutes. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was no correlation between daily screen time and the degree of myopia in boys or girls(P>0.05).  Conclusion  Daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes may be a risk factor for myopia in girls aged 11 to 14 years old. Given the complexity of the factors that affect vision, researches are needed to examine the relationship between screen time and myopia.