上海市闵行区不同营养状况小学生生命早期脂肪高峰和脂肪重积聚特征

  目的  研究不同营养状况小学一年级学生生命早期脂肪高峰和脂肪重积聚特征，为寻求干预工作的重点时机提供参考。  方法  于2019年9—12月选取接受学校常规体检的上海市闵行区2 330名小学一年级学生，根据体质量指数(BMI)分为正常、超重、肥胖3类体重状态。回顾性获取研究对象1~80个月的身高和体重检查记录，使用广义相加混合模型分性别拟合该3类人群BMI生长曲线，计算脂肪高峰和脂肪重积聚时间及对应的BMI值。  结果  一年级小学生超重检出率为16.31%(380名)，肥胖检出率为16.09%(375名)。小学一年级时体重状态为肥胖的儿童，生命最初80个月内BMI拟合值持续高于小学一年级时体重状态为超重或正常的儿童。不同体重状态小学一年级学生的脂肪高峰发生时间均为9月龄，但超重与肥胖的小学生在脂肪高峰时的BMI值高于同性别的正常体重小学生。小学一年级正常体重儿童的脂肪重积聚发生时的月龄为72个月，超重男童为52个月，女童为55个月；肥胖男童为22个月，女童为23个月。小学一年级时正常体重的儿童，其脂肪重积聚时的BMI拟合值也小于小学一年级时超重或肥胖的儿童。  结论  不同体重状态的小学一年级学生脂肪高峰月龄趋于一致，但脂肪重积聚月龄却存在差异。肥胖小学生的脂肪重积聚时间明显提前，脂肪重积聚时的BMI值也高于其他体重状态小学生。

Adiposity peak and rebound in early life among primary school students with different body mass index patterns

  Objective  To explore the characteristics of the adiposity peak and rebound in early life among first-year primary school students with different body-weight measures, so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention interventions to manage childhood overweight and obesity.  Methods  A total of 2 330 first-year primary school students who received routine physical examinations from September to December in 2019 were selected. According to body mass index (BMI) status, participants were divided into three categories: healthy weight, overweight, and obese. The BMI growth trajectories of the three groups were fitted by gender using the generalized additive mixed model from 1 to 80 months, retrospectively. Each subject's age at the adiposity peak and rebound, and associated BMI values, were calculated.  Results  The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 16.31% (380/2 330) and 16.09% (375/2 330), respectively. For first-year students with obesity, the BMI value continued to be higher than their overweight or healthy weight counterparts during the first 80 months of life. The age at the adiposity peak for these students, whose BMI status varied, was about nine months. However, the BMI of children with overweight or obesity was much higher than that of healthy weight subjects. Age at adiposity rebound was 72 months for healthy weight children, 52 to 55 months in children defined as overweight, and 22 to 23 months in children with obesity. For healthy-weight children, the fitted value of BMI at the adiposity rebound was less than that of overweight and obese children.  Conclusion  Age at the adiposity peak was largely similar among first-year students with different BMI patterns; however, age at adiposity rebound was different. Age at adiposity rebound among children with obesity was much earlier than that of other subjects, and their BMI values were much higher.