内蒙古自治区学生心理健康状况分析

  目的  分析内蒙古自治区学生心理健康状况，为学校实施心理健康教育工作提供参考依据。  方法  以参加“2019年全国学生体质与健康调研”的内蒙古7个地级市65所中小学校和4所高校的18 867名9~22岁学生作为调查对象，2019年9—11月实施Kessler10量表(K10)的问卷调查。  结果  调查对象总体K10平均分值为(21.96±8.67)分，蒙古族学生(22.57±8.59分)高于汉族学生(21.53±8.70分)(t=8.18)；乡村学生(22.42±8.32分)高于城市(21.40±9.05分)(t=8.04)；小学生(19.56±8.61分)低于其他学段，高中生分值最高(23.30±8.75)(F=183.26)(P值均 < 0.01)。调查对象总体中，心理健康良好、一般、较差和差4个等级的构成比分别为25.62%，28.82%，26.44%和19.12%，心理问题检出率为45.57%。不同组别学生心理问题检出率比较结果显示，汉族和蒙古族分别为43.27%和48.85%，城、乡为41.70%和48.80%，男、女生为44.88%和46.26%，小学、初中、高中和大学生分别为33.60%，49.78%，52.85%和47.43%(χ2值分别为101.25，183.44，19.24，803.63，P值均 < 0.01)。多元线性回归分析发现，民族、城乡和学段是K10量表分值的相关因素B值(B值95%CI)分别为0.78(0.05~1.04)，0.81(0.06~1.06)，0.93(0.08~1.03)，P值均 < 0.05)]。  结论  内蒙古青少年学生心理健康状况不容乐观。政府、社会、家长和学校应关注学生心理健康软硬件环境建设，加强心理健康教育和服务力度，有效促进学生心理健康发展。

Analysis of mental health status of students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

  Objective  To analyze and evaluate the mental health of students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide a reference for conducting mental health education in schools.  Methods  A total of 18 867 students aged 9-22 were enrolled from 65 primary and secondary schools and 4 universities in Inner Mongolia that participated in the 2019 National Students' Physical Fitness and Health Survey. From September to November 2019, in conjunction with the national student physical health survey, a questionnaire-survey of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(K10) was carried out.  Results  The K10 average score of the survey subjects was (21.96±8.67). The score of the Mongolian nationality(22.57±8.59) was higher than that of the Han nationality(21.53 ±8.70)(t=8.18), the score of rural area (22.42±8.32) was higher than that of the urban area(21.40±9.05)(t=8.04), the primary-school students had the lowest score (19.56±8.61) and the senior high school students had the highest score(23.30±8.75)(F=183.26)(P < 0.01). In the overall survey subjects, the detection rates of the four levels in good, fair, poor and poor mental health were 25.62%, 28.82%, 26.44% and 19.12%, respectively, and the detection rate of psychological problems was 45.57%. The comparison of the detection rates of mental health problems among attributes showed that the rates of the Han and Mongolian nationalities were 43.27% and 48.85%, respectively(χ2=101.25); the rates of urban and rural areas were 41.70% and 48.80%, respectively(χ2=183.44); the rates of the male and the female were 44.88% and 46.26%, respectively(χ2=19.24)(P < 0.01). The prevalence psychological problems among students in primary-school, junior high school, senior high school and college were 33.60%, 49.78%, 52.85% and 47.43%, respectively(χ2=803.63, P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that the detection of psychological problems of Mongolian nationality, urban area, the female and high school students was relatively high. Nationality, urban or rural areas and school stages were the influencing factors of K10 scoresB(B 95%CI)=0.78(0.05-1.04), 0.81(0.06-1.06), 0.93(0.08-1.03), P < 0.05)].  Conclusion  Mental health problems are prevalent in adolescents in Inner Mongolia. The government, society, parents and schools should pay more attention to the construction of the software and hardware environment of students' mental health, strengthen mental health education and services, and effectively promote the development of students' mental health.