白银市2013—2021年农村义务教育学校食品微生物污染状况

  目的  分析白银市农村义务教育学校食品中微生物污染水平和趋势，为对消除食品安全隐患起到预警作用提供参考。  方法  按照随机抽样原则，在白银市两区三县分别选取2~6所农村义务教育学校，依据《国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》等进行沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等8种致病菌及细菌总数、大肠菌群2种卫生学指示菌检测。  结果  2013—2021年共采集各类食品908份，阳性47份，总体阳性率为5.18%，不同年份采集样品阳性率呈逐年下降趋势(χ_趋势2=23.09，P < 0.05)。检出致病菌由高至低依次为大肠埃菌(1.87%)、蜡样芽胞杆菌(0.99%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(0.44%)、霉菌(0.33%)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(0.22%)。卫生学指示菌指标细菌总数超标率较高(2.09%)。各类食品中，奶及奶制品、冷冻食品、凉拌食品、烧烤、米面制品等阳性率较高。按季度统计，第一、二季度阳性率较高。  结论  农村义务教育学校食品中存在不同程度的微生物污染风险，应关注贫困地区学校食品卫生安全的现状，加强农村义务教育学校食品，特别是对奶及奶制品、冷冻食品、凉拌食品、烧烤、米面制品等重点食品的监管。

Monitoring and analysis of food microbial contamination in rural compulsory education schools in Baiyin City from 2013 to 2021

  Objective  To analyze the level and trend of microbial contamination in food in rural compulsory education schools in Baiyin City, so as to provide a reference for playing an early warning role in eliminating potential food safety hazards as soon as possible.  Methods  According to the "National Food Contaminants and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring Workbook", etc., 8 pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, total bacterial count, and 2 hygienic indicator bacteria of coliform were tested.  Results  A total of 908 food samples were collected from 2013 to 2021, 47 were positive and the overall positive rate was 5.18%. The positive rate of samples collected in different years showed a downward trend year by year. The detected pathogenic bacteria ranked from high to low as follows: Escherichia coli (1.87%), Bacillus cereus (0.99%), Staphylococcus aureus (0.44%), mold (0.33%), Listeria monocytogenes (0.22%). Hygiene indicator bacteria total number of bacteria exceeded the standard rate was higher (2.09%). Among all kinds of food, milk and dairy products, frozen food, cold food, barbecue, rice and flour products had higher positive rates. According to quarterly statistics, the positive rate in the first and second quarters was relatively high.  Conclusion  There are different degrees of microbial contamination risks in the food of rural compulsory education schools. All relevant departments should pay attention to the current situation of school food hygiene and safety in poverty-stricken areas, and strengthen rural compulsory education school food, especially for milk and dairy products, frozen food, cold food, Supervision of key foods such as barbecue, rice and flour products, and efforts to improve their safety standards, do a good job in school food hygiene and safety, and ensure the healthy growth of young people.