中国五地中小学校健康教育现状及其需求

  目的  调查2020年中国5个地区学校健康教育执行情况及其存在问题，为中小学健康教育相关规范制度的进一步修订和完善提供一定数据和理论支持。  方法  采用分层整群随机抽样方法，选取新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市(1 295名)、海南省海口市(448名)、河北省石家庄市(788名)、四川省成都市(728名)和江苏省苏州市(793名)5个地区的4 052名学生进行网上问卷调查，了解学校健康教育实施和学生健康教育需求情况。  结果  有89.98%学生使用了统一的健康教育教材，63.50%的学生每周上1次健康教育课。学校健康教育中获得健康知识主要来源、使用统一教材、课时安排、授课教师在地区和学段间差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为54.98，40.97，590.08，1 061.12；50.70，47.68，356.09，193.30，P值均 < 0.05)。学生健康知识主要来源为学校/教师(92.47%)。健康教育课授课教师主要是班主任(30.03%)。学生感兴趣的健康教育内容在性别、学段间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为20.91，35.90，P值均 < 0.05)，各地区间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。学生希望获取健康知识途径在地区和学段间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为177.29，32.37，P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  学校健康教育现状良好，但需积极培养高素质健康教育教师队伍；同时各地应根据自身实际和学生需求，开展有针对性的健康教育活动，提高学生健康素养水平。

Current situation and demand of primary and secondary school health education in five areas across China

  Objective  To understand the current situation and demand school health education in five areas across China, and to provide theoretical support for further revision and improvement on school health education.  Methods  Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was adopted. A total of 4 052 students were selected from five areas across China Urumqi(n=1 295), Haikou City(n=448), Shijiazhuang City(n=788), Chengdu City(n=728), Suzhou City(n=793)]. Online questionnaire survey was conducted by questionnair star.  Results  About 89.98% of the students used the use of uniform teaching materials, and 63.50% attended the health education classes once a week. The main sources of health knowledge, the use of uniform teaching materials, class schedule and the difference of teachers in different regions and periods were statistically significant (χ2=54.98, 40.97, 590.08, 1 061.12;50.70, 47.68, 356.09, 193.30, P < 0.05). The main source of health knowledge was from school/teachers(92.47%). Most health education teachers were classroom teachers(30.03%). Content of health education that students were interested in varied by gender and grade (χ2=20.91, 35.90, P < 0.05), but not by area (P>0.05). Demand for health knowledge of students varied by area and grade (χ2=177.29, 32.37, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The status quo of health education in schools is good. Further attention should be paid to cultivate high-quality health education teachers and provide targeted health education activities according to students' demand, and ultimately improving health literacy among students.