中国儿童青少年体力活动年龄性别和地区特征

  目的  了解中国儿童青少年体力活动的年龄、性别和地区差异，为提高中国儿童青少年体力活动水平提供科学参考。  方法  依照中国行政区域划分的六大行政区(华东、西北、华北、华中、西南和华南)，于2018年9—12月分别采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取4 269名7~18岁儿童青少年，采用“中国7~18岁儿童青少年体力活动水平评价问卷”进行体力活动调查。  结果  中国儿童青少年中高强度体力活动(MVPA)不足总体检出率为53.8%，其中男生检出率为50.8%，女生为57.1%，差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.10，P < 0.05)；不同年龄段中，10~12岁MVPA不足检出率最低(43.6%)，16~18岁最高(63.0%)，性别间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为4.33，30.79，P < 0.05)。总体体力活动、低强度体力活动、中强度体力活动、高强度体力活动、中高强度体力活动时间的中位数分别为92.9，24.3，41.4，7.1，55.7 min/d。体育锻炼、家务活动、娱乐活动和交通活动的中位数分别为34.3，2.1，2.3，30.0 min/d，年龄段差异均有统计学意义(H值分别为95.03，74.99，300.26，64.16，P值均 < 0.05)。不同地区儿童青少年MVPA不足检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=83.91，P < 0.05)，华北地区最低(44.0%)，华东地区最高(65.9%)。  结论  中国儿童青少年MVPA不足检出率随年龄增长呈先下降后升高趋势，男生体力活动水平高于女生。

Physical activity of Chinese children and adolescents: age,gender and regional characteristics

  Objective  To explore age, gender, and regional differences in physical activity among children and adolescents in China, and to provide a scientific reference for enhancing physical activity promotion.  Methods  A total of 4 269 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years were selected from six administrative regions of China (East China, Northwest China, North China, Central China, Southwest China and South China) using a stratified random cluster sampling method from September to December 2018.A questionnaire was administered to evaluate the physical activity level of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18.  Results  The overall detection rate of MVPA insufficiency in children and adolescents in China was 53.8%, of which the detection rate of MVPA insufficiency was 50.8% among boys and 57.1% among girls.Gender differences were statistically significant (χ2=17.10, P < 0.05).Among the different age groups, the lowest detection rate of MVPA among 10-12 year olds was 43.6%, whereas the highest rate among 16-18 year olds was 63.0%, with significant differences between gender (χ2=4.33, 30.79, P < 0.05).The P₅₀ values of total physical activity (TPA), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), moderate intensity physical activity (MPA), vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 92.9, 24.3, 41.4, 7.1 and 55.7 min/d, respectively.The P₅₀ values of physical exercise, housework activities, entertainment activities and transportation activities were 34.3, 2.1, 2.3 and 30.0 min/d, respectively, and the difference in age groups was statistically significant (H=95.03, 74.99, 300.26, 64.16, P < 0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of insufficient MVPA among children and adolescents in different regions (χ2=83.91, P < 0.05).The lowest rate was 44.0% in North China, and the highest was 65.9% in East China.  Conclusion  The detection rate of MVPA insufficiency among Chinese children and adolescents firstly decreased and then increased with age.Boys participated in higher levels of physical activity than girls.