家庭支持对青少年体力活动及动作能力的影响

  目的  探讨青少年家庭背景及父母支持情况与青少年体力活动及动作能力之间的关系，为中国儿童青少年的健康促进提供相应的理论依据。  方法  2019年11—12月选取山西省某初中12~14岁140名初中生为研究对象，采用ActiGraph GT3X+型号加速度计记录研究对象连续7 d的体力活动，采用儿童青少年家庭支持量表(ACTS-CN)评估家长对孩子活动行为的支持与态度，采用加拿大敏捷和动作能力评估测试(CAMSA)评价青少年的动作能力发展状况。  结果  男女生每天参与中高强度体力活动(MVPA)的时间分别为(40.57±13.54)和(31.65±9.98)min，差异有统计学意义(t=4.44，P < 0.05)；动作能力测试中，男女生的平均技能得分分别为(10.8±1.9)和(10.1±1.9)，完成时间分别为(17.7±2.8)和(19.1±2.5)s；多元线性回归分析结果表明，母亲学历、家庭月收入、母亲关注孩子锻炼情况和父亲支持参加俱乐部均与青少年MVPA相关(B值分别为-0.28，-0.16，-0.16，0.18，P值均 < 0.05)。父、母提供锻炼场所与动作能力得分呈正相关(r值分别为0.17，0.17，P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  受教育水平越高的父母对孩子体力活动参与度有着更积极的影响。父母的陪伴能够在一定程度上促进青少年体力活动水平的提高。父母提供的支持性环境，能够对青少年的动作能力水平产生积极影响。

Influence of family support on the physical activities and motor skills of children and adolescents

  Objective  To explore the relationship between family background and parental support and adolescents' physical activity and motor skills, and to provide a corresponding theoretical basis for the health promotion of children and adolescents in China.  Methods  From November to December 2019, 140 junior high school students aged 12-14 years in a junior high school in Shanxi Province were selected, and physical activity was recorded for 7 days using an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer. The Activity Support Scale for Children (ACTS-CN) was used to evaluate parents' support and attitude towards children's activities and behaviors. The Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA) was used to evaluate the motor ability development of adolescents.  Results  The daily participation time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was (40.57±13.54) and (31.65±9.98) min for males and females, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (t=4.44, P < 0.05); The average motor skill scores were (10.8±1.9) and (10.1±1.9), and completion times were (17.7±2.8) and (19.1±2.5)s, respectively; regression analyses showed that mothers' education, monthly household income, mothers' attention to children's exercise and fathers' support for club participation were all significantly associated with adolescents' MVPA (B=-0.28, -0.16, -0.16, 0.18, P < 0.05). Parental provision of exercise space was significantly associated with motor ability (r=0.17, 0.17, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Parents with higher levels of education have a more positive influence on their children's physical activity participation. Parental presence can contribute to a certain extent to the level of physical activity of adolescents, and a supportive environment provided from parents can positively influence the level of motor skills of adolescents.