Early life factors and their relevance for markers of cardiometabolic risk in early adulthood |
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| Authors: | Juliana Nyasordzi Johanna Conrad Janina Goletzke Helena Ludwig-Walz Christian Herder Michael Roden Stefan A. Wudy Yifan Hua Thomas Remer Anette E. Buyken |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Germany;2. University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana;3. Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany;4. DONALD Study Dortmund, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences (IEL), Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany;5. Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Germany;6. Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany;7. Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Peptide Hormone Research Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany;8. German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany;9. Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Background and aimsEarly life exposures could be pertinent risk factors of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. We assessed the prospective associations of early life factors with markers of cardiometabolic risk among healthy German adults.Methods and resultsWe examined 348 term-born DONALD Study participants with measurement of fasting blood at the age of 18–24 years to assess metabolic indices: fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), pro-inflammatory score and insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S).Early life factors (maternal weight in early pregnancy, maternal early pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG), maternal age, birth weight and full breastfeeding (>17 weeks)) were assessed at enrolment of the offspring into the study. Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyze associations between early life factors and markers of cardiometabolic risk in early adulthood with adjustment for potential confounders.A higher early pregnancy BMI was related to notably higher levels of offspring FLI, HSI, pro-inflammatory score and a lower HOMA2-%S (all p < 0.0001). Similarly, a higher gestational weight gain was associated with a higher FLI (p = 0.044), HSI (p = 0.016), pro-inflammatory score (p = 0.032) and a lower HOMA2-%S among females (p = 0.034). Full breastfeeding was associated with a lower adult FLI (p = 0.037). A casual mediation analysis showed that these associations were mediated by offspring adult waist circumference (WC).ConclusionThis study suggests that early pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and full breastfeeding are relevant for offspring markers of cardiometabolic risk which seems to be mediated by body composition in young adulthood. |
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| Keywords: | Fatty liver index Hepatic steatosis index Pro-inflammatory score Insulin sensitivity Early pregnancy BMI Gestational weight gain |
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