浙江省2017—2019年中小学生睡眠时长与体质量指数关联的追踪调查

  目的  了解睡眠行为及其变化对中小学生体重变化的影响，为制定儿童青少年肥胖防控策略提供理论依据。  方法  选取来自“全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测”浙江省3座城市中同时参与2017和2019年问卷调查和体格测量的中小学生，形成605人的追踪调查数据，分析睡眠时长与体质量指数(BMI)的关联。  结果  2017—2019年，男、女生BMI Z评分分别升高了0.24和0.13，9~12岁学生的BMI Z评分升高了0.29，城市和乡村学生BMI Z评分分别升高了0.11和0.25(P值均＜0.05)；同期睡眠不足总体检出率由37.0%增加到41.8%(χ2=3.68，P=0.06)。在调整混杂因素后，睡眠不足学生的BMI Z评分较睡眠充足学生高0.20(P < 0.01)；与睡眠始终充足的学生相比，2017—2019年睡眠时长由充足变为不足、睡眠始终不足的学生BMI Z评分均增加了0.23(P值均＜0.05)。  结论  睡眠不足是肥胖的危险因素，睡眠时长缩短的学生体重增长明显，增加睡眠时长可能降低学生远期肥胖风险。

A follow-up study on the correlation between sleep duration and body mass index in primary and middle school students in Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2019

  Objective  To understand sleep behavior among primary and middle school students and its impact on overweight and obesity changes, to provide evidence for developing obesity prevention and controlling strategies in children and adolescents.  Methods  Primary and middle school students from three cities in Zhejiang Province who participated in questionnaire surveys and physical measurements in both 2017 and 2019 were selected. A follow-up dataset of 605 students was developed and the relationship between sleep duration and body mass index was analyzed.  Results  From 2017 to 2019, BMI-Z scores for male and female participants increased by 0.24 and 0.13, respectively. BMI-Z scores increased by 0.29 in students of 9-12 years old and increased by 0.11 and 0.25 in urban and rural students, respectively (P < 0.05). The prevalence of insufficient sleep duration increased from 37.0% to 41.8% simultaneously (χ2=3.68, P=0.06). After adjusting for confounding factors, the BMI-Z score of students with insufficient sleep was 0.20 higher than those with sufficient sleep duration (P < 0.01). Compared with participants who had sufficient sleep duration from 2017 to 2019, participants whose sleep duration changed from sufficient to insufficient, and those who always had insufficient sleep duration increased by 0.23, respectively (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Insufficient sleep duration is a risk factor for obesity. Shortened sleep duration is related to weight gain, and maintaining sufficient sleep duration may reduce the risk of obesity in children and adolescents.