发展性阅读障碍共患注意缺陷多动障碍儿童视动整合能力特点及相关因素

  目的  了解发展性阅读障碍共患注意缺陷多动障碍儿童视动整合能力特点, 为该群体儿童诊治提供参考。  方法  2020年7-11月, 采用随机整群抽样法从新疆某地区7所小学三至五年级学生中筛选出符合条件的阅读障碍组(DD)、注意缺陷多动障碍组(ADHD)、共病组及正常对照组儿童各56名, 比较视动整合能力及其相关因素差异, 通过多重线性回归分析探究相关因素对视动整合能力的预测作用。  结果  共病组视动整合能力及视知觉得分(95.05±14.01, 12.71±7.40)低于DD组(104.77±17.19, 23.04±11.48)、ADHD组(104.01±14.11, 25.70±10.74)和对照组(129.80±12.91, 44.05±16.56)(F/Z值分别为58.24, 110.49, P值均 < 0.05);共病组视觉工作记忆得分(73.64±5.36)低于对照组(78.96±4.68)(P < 0.05), 与DD组(74.48±7.06)、ADHD组(75.98±7.36)差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果表明, 视知觉、年龄、智商、视觉工作记忆均可预测DD共患ADHD儿童的视动整合能力(R2值分别为0.32, 0.17, 0.11, 0.04, P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  DD共患ADHD儿童较单纯DD和ADHD儿童视动整合能力和视知觉能力受损更加严重, 视知觉、年龄、智商、视觉工作记忆能对DD共患ADHD儿童的视动整合能力发展结果进行预测。

Characteristics and associated factors of visual and motor integration in children with developmental dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

  Objective  To investigate the characteristics of visual motor integration in children with developmental dyslexia and ADHD, and to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of these children.  Methods  During July to November of 2020, students from grade 3 to grade 5 of 7 primary schools in Xinjiang were selected by using random cluster sampling method.A total of 56 dyslexia group (group DD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder group (group ADHD), comorbidity group and normal control group were selected and compared the differences of their visual motor integration ability and related factors ability.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the predictive effects of related factors on visual motor integration ability.  Results  The scores of visual integration ability and visual perception in comorbidity group (95.05±14.01, 12.71±7.40) were lower than those in DD group (104.77±17.19, 23.04±11.48), ADHD group (104.00±14.11, 25.70±10.74) and normal control group (129.80±12.91, 44.05±16.56)(F=/Z58.24, 110.49, P < 0.05).The visual working memory score of the comorbidity group (73.64±5.36) was lower than the normal control group (78.96±4.68)(P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the DD group (74.48±7.06) and the ADHD group (75.98±7.36)(P>0.05).The results of multiple regression showed that visual perception, age, IQ and visual working memory were associated with visual and motor integration ability of dyslexia children with ADHD (R2=0.32, 0.17, 0.11, 0.04, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Visual motor integration and visual perception among children with DD combined ADHD are more severely impaired than those with ADHD and DD alone.Visual perception, age, IQ and visual working memory could help predict the development of visual and motor integration ability in children with DD combined ADHD.