技术工人职业紧张及影响因素分析

目的探索技术工人职业紧张状况及其影响因素。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),对技术工人(研究组)903例和工厂、机关、服务和商业职工(对照组)319例,共计1222例进行研究。结果技术工人的职业任务、紧张反应总均分及各子项得分均显著高于对照组(P<0·01),自我保健子项得分显著高于对照组(P<0·01)。紧张反应与职业任务呈明显正相关(r=0·358,P<0·01)。任务冲突、工作环境、责任感、任务模糊为个体紧张反应、业务、心理、人际关系(责任感、任务模糊除外)、躯体紧张反应(任务模糊除外,但包括任务不适、任务过重)的主要影响因素;年龄是个体紧张反应、业务、人际关系紧张反应的主要影响因素;娱乐休闲、理性处事可降低个体紧张反应、心理、人际关系紧张反应;社会支持可降低业务紧张反应;自我保健可降低躯体紧张反应。结论针对技术工人的主要紧张源,紧张反应及其影响因素,采取有针对性的干预措施,以降低技术工人的职业紧张程度,保护和促进工作能力是职业卫生领域面临的重要任务之一。

Analysis on occupational stress and its influential factors in technical workers

Objective To assess occupational stress and its influential factors in technical workers. Methods A survey on occupational stress and its influential factors was carried out with revised occupational stress questionnaire (OSI-R) in 903 technical workers and 319 controls. Results Among 6 items of occupational role, the scores of overload, insufficiency, boundary, ambiguity, responsibility and physical environment are obviously higher in the technical workers group (P<0.01). The scores of vocational strain, psychological strain,interpersonal strain and physical strain in the technical workers group are significantly higher(P<0.01). The results of personal resources indicated that scores of self-care in technical workers group were superior( P<0.05 ). Occupational burden and personal strain were positively correlated(r=0.358,P<0.01). The major influential factors of personal strain were role boundary, physical environment, responsibility, role ambiguity, recreation, marriage status, rational and age. The major influential factors of vocation l strain were responsibility, role boundary, role ambiguity, physical environment, age, sex and social support. The major influential factors of psychological strain were role boundary, physical environment, responsibility, role ambiguity, sex and recreation. The major influential factors of interpersonal strain were role boundary, physical environment, recreation and age. The major influential factors of physical strain were role boundary, physical environment, self-care, role insufficiency, responsibility, role overload and sex. Conclusion Different measures should be take to reduce the occupational stress to improve working ability of the technical workers.