移栽密度对蒙古黄芪生长发育及产量质量的影响

目的:黄芪是药食同源的重要中药材品种之一,为了实现黄芪规范化栽培,提高栽培成效,在黄芪道地产区甘肃省陇西县试验基地行距30 cm条件下,分别采用8,10,12,14,16 cm不同的株距栽培蒙古黄芪。方法:通过测定返青株生长发育动态及药材产量和质量,利用隶属函数综合评价,旨在确定合理的移栽密度,探寻规范的蒙古黄芪生产技术。结果:在行距30 cm条件下,移栽株距对蒙古黄芪的生长发育具有显著影响;随着株距的增大,蒙古黄芪地上部分生物量减小,根冠比增大,但单位面积药材产量下降,药材外观性状随着移栽密度的减小有所改善。在株距14 cm的栽培密度下,黄芪甲苷和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量均最高。株距8~16 cm栽培密度条件下,黄芪药材浸出物含量均优于2015年版《中国药典》标准,各株距处理综合评价指数依次为14 cm> 16 cm> 10 cm> 8 cm> 12 cm。结论:结合产量与经济效益综合评判,最优移栽株行距30 cm×14 cm(密度23.81万株/hm^2),该密度下蒙古黄芪生长发育健壮,主茎较粗,根冠比较大,产量较高,质量优异。

Effect of Transplanting Densities on Growth,Development,Yield and Quality of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus

Objective: Astragali Radix is an important medicinal and edible herb. To achieve standardized cultivation of Astragali Radix and improve cultivation results, Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus was cultivated with a row spacing of 30 cm and different plant spacing (8,10,12,14,16 cm) in a test base of Longxi County,Gansu Province. Method: The growth and development dynamics of green strains and the yield and quality of medicinal materials were measured,and the comprehensive evaluation of membership function was used to determine the rational transplanting density and explore the standard production technology of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. Result: The transplanting topping had a significant effect on the growth and development of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus under the condition of the row spacing of 30 cm. With the increase of topping,the biomass of astragalus on the ground decreased,and the ratio of root to shoot increased,but the yield of medicinal material per unit area decreased. The appearance traits were improved as the transplant density decreased. Under the row spacing of 14 cm,the content of astragaloside and calycosin-7-glucoside were the highest. Under the row spacing of 8-16 cm,the content of root extract of Astragali Radix was better than the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard. The comprehensive evaluation index of each plant spacing treatment was 14 cm>16 cm>10 cm>8 cm>12 cm in turn. Conclusion: Combined with the comprehensive evaluation of yield and economic benefit,the optimal transplanting plant spacing and row spacing were 30 cm×14 cm (with the density of 238 100 strains/hm²). Under this density, A. membranaceus var. mongholicus grows vigorously,with thick stems,big root crowns,a high yield and high quality.