视神经管显微解剖学研究

目的　为视神经管减压术提供解剖学依据。方法　利用解剖学方法对 10 0个颅骨和 6 7个尸头视神经管口及四壁的结构与毗邻进行了观察和测量。结果　视神经管由蝶骨小翼两根与喋骨体构成 ,管自后内向前外斜行 ,分内、外、上、下四壁和颅、眶两口。其上壁、下壁、内侧壁、外侧壁的长度分别为 10 70±0 2 3mm ,6 2 5± 0 18mm ,9 6 7± 0 18mm ,7 91± 0 17mm。内侧壁向筛窦、蝶窦内突入形成视神经管隆凸。视神经在颅口处有硬脑膜压迹 ,视神经腹侧有眼动脉形成的压迹。结论　视神经管隆凸可作为确定视神经管位置的解剖标志。视神经管下壁和内侧壁与视神经、眼动脉、颈内动脉等结构毗邻 ,切除管壁时应注意保护邻近结构。

Microanatomical Study on Optic Canal

Objective To provide the anatomical data for optic canal decompression. Methods By anatomical method, the optic canal opening, walls and their syntopy were observed on 67 adult cadaverical heads and 100 dry skulls.Results The optic canal consists of lesser wing and body of sphenoid bone, courses from internoposterior to externoanterior side. There were four walls and two openings for optic canal. The length of the wall of canal was 10.70±0.23mm, 6.25±0.18mm,9.67±0.18mm,and 7.91±0.17mm in superior, inferior, internal and external walls respectively. The optic canal protrudes into ethmoidal and sphenoid sinuses. The dura and ophthalmic arterial impressions could be found on cranial opening and inferior part of optic nerve. Conclusion The position of the optic canal could be affirmed by optic canal bulge. The inferior wall and medial wall of optic canal was close to optic nerve, ophthalmic artery, internal carotid artery. The neighbouring structures of optic canal were protected while the inferior wall was incised.