3～14岁儿童哮喘危险因素病例对照研究

目的：研究引起3～14岁儿童哮喘的危险因素,为临床预防、诊断、治疗儿童哮喘提供依据。方法：选取2009年1月～2011年3月到本院就诊并确诊为儿童哮喘的患者120例,同时从2011年1～3月到本院进行体检的儿童中选取120例作为对照组。采用回顾性分组对比研究的方法,将两组中的儿童根据年龄、居住地区等进行1：1形成匹配组,同时结合调查问卷的方法,对所有儿童的个体特质、遗传因素、生活习惯、环境因素、母孕期疾病史等相关信息进行采集,并对数据进行统计分析。结果：经过统计分析,得到7个高危因素,11个危险因素。高危因素分别是母亲妊娠期有妊娠高血压综合征、患儿有过敏性鼻炎、家族史、湿疹史、上呼吸道感染次数、过敏史、母亲妊娠期有早孕反应。结论：掌握高危因素及危险因素,并进行预防和治疗,可以有效防止儿童哮喘。

Case-control study of risk factors for asthma in children aged 3 to 14

Objective： To study the risk factor of 3-14 years children with asthma, and provide the basis for clinical prevention, diagnosis, treatment of childhood asthma. Methods： One hundred and twenty cases of children with asthma accepted by our hospital from January 2009 to March 2011 was chosen as the observation group,while one hundred and twenty cases of children in our hospital for examination from January 2011 to March 2011 were chosen as the control group. A retrospective grouping comparative study method was adopted, in which the two groups of children were 1：1 matched with non-asthmatic children selected according to age, residence area and ere, together with the questionnaire method, the information including individual characteristics, genetic factors, living habits, environmental factors, maternal pregnancy disease history and others were collected, and the data were then statistically analyzed. Results： After statistical analysis, seven high-risk factors and eleven risk factors were seen. The high-risk factors were pregnancy-induced hyper- tension syndrome, children with allergic rhinitis, family history, history of eczema, the number of upper respiratory tract infection, allergies, early pregnancy response. Conclusion： Control, prevention and treatment with the knowledge of the high-risk factors and risk factors can effectively prevent children from asthma.