上海市闵行区严重职业病危害企业的职业卫生管理现状及分析

目的]了解上海市闭行区内严重职业病危害企业的职业卫生管理现状，提出相应的职业卫生管理对策。方法]采用单纯随机抽样方法抽取该区99家严重职业病危害企业，对其基本情况、职业病危害因素识别、现场职业卫生防护、职业健康监护、职业卫生档案建立等进行问卷调查和专题讨论。结果]闵行区严重职业病危害企业存在的主要职业卫生管理问题是：①自动化程度不高，职业病危害防护设施不到位，防护设施的配备率仅为69．7％；（参设置警示线、警示标识等警示说明的用人单位约为50％；③应急救援设施设置率仅为49．4％，应急救援工作有待加强。结论]闵行区严重职业病危害企业的职业卫生管理工作不容忽视，应继续加强职业卫生监督管理工作。

Sampling Study and Analysis of Occupational Health Management in Enterprises with Serious Occupational Hazards

Objective ] To explore the present status of occupational health management in enterprises with serious occupational hazards and to provide occupational health supervision countermeasures. Methods ] Using simple random sampling method 99 enterprises with serious occupational hazards in Minhang District, Shanghai were chosen. Their general situation, identification of occupational hazards, on spot occupational health protection, and relevant files of occupational health surveillance and management were questionnaired or discussed. Results ] The major problems of the 99 enterprises included： low level of automation, poor occupational protective facilities, missing of alarm marks in the workshop, and lack of emergency rescue facilities. The enterprises equipped with occupational protective facilities accounted for 69.7% of all the 99 enterprises. Almost half of the 99 enterprises were lack of alarm marks in the workshop. The enterprises equipped with rescue emergency facilities accounted for only 49.4%. Conclusion ] The occupational health management in enterprises with serious occupational hazards in Minhang District should not be ignored, and to strengthen the inspection and management of occupational health is necessary.