两种流行性乙型脑炎疫苗基础免疫的血清抗体观察

为考察流行性乙型脑炎 (乙脑 )减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗的免疫效果和安全性 ,在新沂市和邳州市分别对 14 1名和 99名无乙脑疫苗接种史的 12～ 2 4月龄儿童 ,分别用乙脑减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗进行基础免疫 ,在免疫前和免疫后 1个月采血用反向被动凝集抑制试验检测血清抗体。结果 :14 1名经减毒活疫苗免疫的儿童 ,抗体阳性率由免疫前的 2 2 70 %上升至免疫后的 87 2 3 % ,GMT由 1∶12 60上升为 1∶46 13 ;99名用灭活疫苗初免 2针的儿童 ,抗体阳性率由 13 13 %上升至 67 68% ,GMT由 1∶11 83上升至 1∶2 2 5 3。对免疫前抗体阴性的儿童 ,分别注射乙脑减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗后 ,抗体阳转率分别为 83 49%和 62 79%。两种疫苗的安全性均好 ,接种后仅 17人 ( 0 0 7% )有轻度发热 ,11人 ( 0 0 4% )出现局部红肿。而减毒活疫苗出现反应的人数又少于灭活疫苗。本次观察表明 ,乙脑减毒活疫苗的免疫效果明显高于灭活疫苗 ,安全性好 ,接种次数少 ,适宜于推广使用。

The Antibody Response to the Basic Immunization of Two Forms of Japanese B Encephalitis Vaccine

In order to investigate the immune effects and safety of the live attenuated and inactivated Japanese B encephalitis(JBE)vaccines, we selected separately from Xinyi city and Pizhou city 141 and 99 12-14 month old children, who had no history of JBE vaccination, for basic immunization with live attenuated JBE vaccine(1 dose) and inactivated JBE vaccine(2 doses)respectively. The serum samples one month prior and post vaccination were collected and tested by RPHI assay for antibody response. The results showed that the antibody positive rate of 141 live attenuated JBE vaccine inoculated children raised from 22.70% to 87.23%, the GMT from 1:12.60 to 1:46.13, and that in 99 inactivated JBE vaccine inoculated children were from 13.13% to 67.68% and 1:11.83 to 1:22.53 respectively. Children whose JBE antibody were negative before immunization showed an antibody positive rates of 83.49% and 62.79% after live attenuated and inactivated JBE vaccination respectively. As for vaccine safety, both forms of vaccine are satisfactory, 17 children(0.07%)had low fever, 11 children(0.04%)had local red swelling, but the clinical reactions were less seen in children vaccinated with live attenuated JBE vaccine. The survey demonstrates that the immune effect of live attenuated JBE vaccine is better than the inactivated, it is safe and only 1 dose of vaccine is required. It is fit for popularization.