婴幼儿母乳喂养持续时间的影响因素研究——基于广州市越秀区抽样调查研究

目的 了解一线大城市母乳喂养现状,探讨影响母乳喂养时间的因素,为相关卫生法规的制定、社区宣教内容和模式的确定提供参考依据.方法 通过编制调查问卷对广州市越秀区3岁以下婴幼儿母亲进行抽样调查(共调查383人).利用生存分析的方法分析母乳喂养持续时间,通过Log-rank检验进行单因素分析,运用Cox比例危险模型分析影响母乳喂养持续时间的因素.结果 所调查的383名3岁以下婴幼儿母乳喂养持续时间的中位数为7个月.多因素分析显示,婴儿能否顺利吸食母乳(P=0.002)、是否过早给婴儿添加奶粉(P<0.0001)以及母亲对母乳喂养的认知程度(P=0.0025)显著影响母乳喂养持续时间;母亲对合理母乳喂养时间的认可(P<0.001)以及非城市户籍(P=0.002)会延长母乳喂养持续时间;此外,母亲文化程度较低和较高的婴幼儿母乳喂养时间较长.结论 母亲正确的母乳喂养意识在婴儿喂养中起到至关重要的作用;参加母乳喂养培养班有助于增强母亲对母乳喂养的认知;建议对中等学历和城市户籍的母亲进行有针对性的宣教,并制定相关保护性的政策法规.

Study on Factors of Duration of Infants'Breastfeeding:Based on Questionnaire Survey of Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City

Objectives To investigate the current breastfeeding situation among urban maternal population and ex-plore factors that affect breastfeeding duration,and to provide a reference for the formulation of laws and regulations relevant to female and maternal health,as well as for the establishment of contents and modes related to community breastfeeding promulgation.Methods Questionnaire was designed to interview under three-year-old infants from Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City.Survival analysis methods were used to analyze the breastfeeding duration,and cox model together with multiple linear model was applied to determining risk factors.Results The median duration of breastfeeding for 383 under three-year-old infants was 7.0 months.The factors that whether neonates smoothly suck mother's lactation(P=0.002),the time of supplementing milk food(P<0.000 1),and the mothers'knowledge concerning breastfeeding(P=0.002 5)had significant effects on the breastfeeding duration,while mothers'positive attitude to reasonable breastfeeding duration(P=0.001)and without-urban-registration mothers(P=0.002)would prolong the breastfeeding duration.In addition,the breastfeeding duration was longer among mothers with lower or higher level of education.Conclusions Mothers play the most crucial role in the breastfeeding activity,and strength-ening the awareness of breastfeeding and intellectual assistance for breastfeeding mothers could improve the breast-feeding activity.It is highly recommended to enhance the breastfeeding education to mothers of middle education level or with urban registration.