淋病奈瑟菌对头孢菌素和阿奇霉素耐药性的研究进展

世界范围内出现了淋病奈瑟菌对一线治疗抗菌药物低敏、耐药的情况，尤其是对广谱头孢菌素和阿奇霉素的耐药性已经引起了人们的担忧。许多地区均出现了淋病奈瑟菌对广谱头孢菌素和（或）阿奇霉素高水平耐药的报告，为淋病联合治疗方案敲响了警钟。淋病奈瑟菌的耐药机制复杂，主要涉及到抗菌药物靶点的改变、药物内流减少和外排增加。各机制之间还存在某些依赖或协同效应。对淋病奈瑟菌耐药性的深入研究，有助于指导临床合理使用抗菌药物，延缓淋病奈瑟菌的耐药趋势。

Cephalosporin and azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Decreased susceptibility and resistance to first?line antibiotics have emerged in Neisseria gonorrhoeae worldwide, and resistance to broad?spectrum cephalosporins and azithromycin has raised special concerns. There have been many reports about high?level resistance to broad?spectrum cephalosporins and azithromycin in many regions, which raises alarms about combination therapy of gonorrhea. Mechanisms of drug resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae are extremely complex, mainly involving alterations in target sites of antibiotics, as well as decreased influx and increased efflux of antibiotics. These mechanisms depend on or synergize with each other to some extents. In?depth exploration into drug resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae may contribute to rational use of antibiotics in clinic and delay in the process of drug resistance.