微藻异养产生二十碳五烯酸的新进展

二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapentaenoic acid简写EPA)是一种长链多不饱和脂肪酸，在营养强化、防治心血管疾病、减轻炎症等方面起着十分重要的作用。目前EPA主要来源于鱼油，很难满足市场对EPA日益增长的需求，必须寻求替代生产EPA的资源。一些微藻可在不需要光的条件下以廉价的有机物为原料异养生长，在异养条件下，可以很好地控制培养模式，有可能大规模地生产EPA。工业上用微藻生产EPA研究包括：筛选高EPA产量的微藻株，通过基因工程改善藻株，优化培养条件以及建立有效的培养体系。本文综述了近几年微藻在异养条件下生产EPA的最新进展，着重阐明硅藻是一种能在异养条件下生长且具有高EPA产率的模式藻株。

Application Prospect and Research Advances in Heterotrophic Production of Eicosapentaenoic Acid by Microalgae

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that plays an important role in the regulation of biological functions and prevention and treatment of a number of human diseases such as heart and inflammatory diseases.As fish oil fails to meet the increasing demand for purified EPA,alternative sources are being sought.Microalgae contain large quantities of EPA and they are considered as a potential source of this important fatty acid.Some microalgae can be grown heterotrophically on cheap organic substrate without light.This mode of cultivation can be well controlled and provides the possibility to maximize EPA production on a large scale.Numerous strategies have been investigated for commercial production of EPA by microalgae,which include screening of high EPA-yielding microalgal strains,improvement of strains by genetic manipulation,optimization of culture conditions,and development of efficient cultivation systems.Here we reviewed recent progress in heterotrophic production of EPA by microalgae with an emphasis on the use of diatoms as producing organisms.