HIV感染者和AIDS病人焦虑状况及其影响因素

目的了解艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者和艾滋病（AIDS）病人（简称PLWHA）焦虑状况,探讨其影响因素。方法采用Zung氏焦虑自评表（SAS）和评价方法 ,在广州市番禺区艾滋病VCT门诊对144名PLWHA进行面对面问卷调查,采用SPSS统计软件进行统计学析。结果 PLWHA的SAS总粗分（32.19±6.91）高于国内常模,差异有统计学意义（t=3.919,P〈0.01）。焦虑总发生率为17.36%,其中HIV感染者和AIDS病人分别为16.16%和20.00%。SAS标准总分方面,AIDS病人、年龄〉50岁者、在本市居住的非本市户籍者中居住年限〈5年者、确认感染HIV年限〈1年者、抗病毒治疗年限〈1年者和CD4细胞计数≤200个/mm3者均相对较高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。年龄〉50岁者和确认感染HIV年限〈1年者的焦虑患病率均相对较高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。Logistic多因素分析发现,性别、年龄和确认感染年限是PLWHA焦虑的主要影响因素,年龄〉50岁者产生焦虑的危险是≤50岁者的7.8倍。结论 PLWHA的焦虑状况较一般人群严重,并受多方面因素的影响,应在随访关怀过程中加强心理支持体系的构建,改善其焦虑状况,提高生活质量。

The study on snxiety status and influencing factors among people living with HIV/AIDS

Objective To explore anxiety status and its relevant factors in people living with HIV/AIDS（PLWHA）,and provide the basis for the caring countermeasure.Methods General condition questionnaire and self-rating anxiety scale（SAS） were used in the survey.One hundred and forty-four people living with HIV/AIDS were conducted face to face survey at AIDS VCT clinics,Panyu district,Guangzhou city.Results Among the 144 PLWHA,total crude SAS（32.19 ± 6.91） is higher than the national norm,difference statistically significant（t=3.919,P0.01）.the overall incidence of anxiety is 17.36%（25/144）,AIDS patients and people living with HIV are 20.00%（9/45） and 16.16%（16/99）,respectively.In the SAS standard total,AIDS patients,over 50-years-old,and those with confirm HIV infection within 1 years,antiviral treatment period within 1 years,and CD4 cell counts less than 200/mm3,were significantly suffer high anxiety（P0.05）.Logistic analysis found that gender,age,and confirmation of infection are the main influence factors of anxiety of PLWHA.People over 50 years old have 7.8 times higher risk of anxiety than less than 50 years old.Conclusion Anxiety status of PLWHA more serious than the general population.The follow-up care should strengthen the mental construction,improve its anxiety,and improve the quality of life.