2008-2010年重庆市血吸虫病潜在流行区监测报告

目的了解重庆市血吸虫病潜在流行区血吸虫病潜在流行因素,为血吸虫病潜在流行区提供预警信息,防止钉螺的扩散与血吸虫病疫情的传播。方法在三峡库区中段万州和支流上游开县设立固定监测点和流动监测点,调查当地居民、流动人口及家畜的血吸虫感染情况;在固定危险地带和流动可疑环境开展输入性钉螺调查。采用ELISA方法检测人群血清血吸虫抗体情况。结果 2个监测点共调查当地居民2006人,血清阳性率为1.50%（30/2006）,开县血清阳性率高于万州（2.29%vs0.70%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.66,P〈0.01）。调查流动人员1970人,血清阳性率为2.39%,返乡人员血清阳性率高于疫区来渝人员（2.92%vs0.26%）（χ2=9.54,P〈0.01）,万州区的流动人员阳性率高于开县（3.61%vs1.32%）（χ2=11.03,P〈0.01）。监测点未发现从血吸虫病流行区引进的家畜,检测当地的牛和羊血清均为阴性。固定监测和流动监测分别调查133875、545530m2,未发现钉螺。结论重庆市血吸虫病潜在流行区存在血吸虫病传播的危险因素,应加强潜在流行区的传染源监测和管理,防止钉螺输入潜在流行区。

Surveillance report of schistosomiasis in potential prevalent areas in Chongqing city from 2008 to 2010

Objective To understand the factors for the potential prevalence of schistosomiasis so as to provide forecast information on schistosomiasis transmission in potential areas in Chongqing city. Methods Fixed and mobile surveillance sites were chosen in potential prevalent areas of Wanzhou and Kaixian, which are located on the middle of the Three Gorges Reservoir areas. The prevalence of schistosomiasis infection in local residents, mobile populations and livestock was investigated. The imported Oncomelania snails were surveyed in at fixed risk areas and mobile areas of suspected infection. Results 2006 local residents were examined by ELISA and the serum positive rate of schistosome antibody was 1.50% （30 / 2006 . 1 970 mobile populations were investigated,including 1 578 people returned from schistosomiasis endemic areas and 392 people came from endemic areas. The serum positive rate of schistosome antibody was 2.39% （47 / 1970）. The serum positive rate （2.92%） of people returned from endemic areas was significantly higher than those （0.26%） came from endemic areas （χ2=9.54, P0.01）. The positive rate （3.61%） of Wanzhou was significantly higher than those （1.32% ） of Kaixian （χ2= 11.03, P0.01）. There was no livestock imported from schistosomisis endemic areas and none tested positive of local livestock. No snail was found at the fixed surveillance sites of 133 875 m2 and the mobile sites of 545 530 m2. Conclusion There were potential risk factors for schistosomiasis transmission in the potential endemic areas in Chongqing city. The surveillance and control of sources of imported infection and prevent Oncomelania snails from spreading into the potential endemic areas in Chongqing city should be strengthened.