1985年至2010年中国18个少数民族17岁学生身高趋势分析

目的：分析我国18个少数民族学生1985年至2010年成年身高生长长期变化的特点、规律和趋势。方法：利用1985、1995、2000、2005和2010年全国学生体质调查资料，对蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族、朝鲜族、藏族、苗族、布依族、侗族、白族、土家族、哈尼族、傣族、傈僳族、佤族、纳西族、土族和羌族18个少数民族17岁学生身高进行了分析。结果：我国大部分少数民族男生的成年身高有很大幅度提高，2010年18个少数民族17岁男生平均身高均超过162 cm，回族、蒙古族、朝鲜族17岁男生平均身高均超过170 cm；身高每10年增速超过2 cm的民族分别是回族（2.64 cm/10年）和侗族男生（2.05 cm/10年），身高每10年增速超过1 cm的民族有朝鲜族（1.99 cm/10年）、藏族（1.90 cm/10年）、哈尼族（1.80 cm/10年）等12个少数民族。2010年，所调查的18个少数民族17岁女生平均身高均超过150 cm，有15个少数民族女生的成年身高出现不同程度的增长，身高每10年增速超过1 cm的民族分别是回族（1.56 cm/10年）和朝鲜族女生（1.29 cm/10年），身高增长幅度具有显著性的民族有回族（3.89 cm）、朝鲜族（3.23 cm）、侗族（2.35 cm）等9个少数民族（P<0.05）。结论：我国大部分少数民族学生出现了较为明显的生长长期趋势，但各民族男、女生成年身高增长幅度存在明显不平衡，要给予生长长期趋势增长缓慢的少数民族更高的关注度。同时，对成年身高增长较为迅速的少数民族亦要注意其生长长期趋势所带来的负面效应。

Secular trends of height among Chinese students aged 17 in 18 ethnic minorities from 1985 to 2010

Objective:To analyze the secular trends of height among Chinese students aged 17 in dif-ferent ethnic minorities from 1985 to 2010. Methods:A total of 18 Chinese ethnic minorities’ students, including Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang, Korean, Tibetan, Miao, Buyi, Dong, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Wa, Nakhi, Tu and Qiang as subjects were sampled from the 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health. The heights of 17 years old people by gender in various ethnic minorities were analyzed and compared. Results:From 1985 to 2010, the in-crements of adult heights increased significantly in many ethnic minorities’ boys. In 2010, the average height of boys aged 17 years in each minority group was higher than 162 cm and was higher than 170 cm among boys from Hui, Mongolian and Korean groups. The ethnics with height growth rates of more than 2 cm per decade in boys were Hui (2. 64 cm/decade) and Dong (2. 05 cm/decade) and the ethnics with height growth rates of more than 1 cm per decade were Korean (1. 99 cm/decade), Tibetan (1. 90 cm/decade), Hani (1. 80 cm/decade) and the other 9 minority groups. The average height of girls aged 17 years in each minority group was higher than 150 cm in 2010 . The heights showed an upward trend in 15 minority groups, but with different degrees. The ethnics with height growth rates of more than 1 cm per decade were Hui (1. 56 cm/decade) and Korean (1. 29 cm/decade). The increments that were signifi-cant between 1985 and 2010 were Hui (3. 89 cm), Korean (3. 23 cm), Dong (2. 35cm) and the other 6 minority groups ( P<0 . 05 ) . Conclusion: Our data suggest that the increments of adult heights may reflect the secular growth change in the major minority groups during the past 25 years, but there was an obvious disequilibrium among various ethnic minorities. We should pay more attention to the minority groups with poor growth and give them more help. Meanwhile, we should also pay attention to the nega-tive effects of the secular growth trend on those minority groups with fast increasing adult height.