依托咪酯的药理特点及临床应用

依托咪酯是一种催眠性静脉麻醉药,其消除半衰期及即时输注半衰期均较短,能迅速通过血-脑脊液屏障,催眠作用强,具有起效快、安全界限大、清醒迅速、对呼吸循环影响小等特点。在静脉麻醉药中,依托咪酯是唯一不干扰心血管稳定性的药物,还可以降低颅内压和维持脑灌注,尤其适用于老年、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、高血压及休克患者。应用后可能出现肌阵挛、恶心、呕吐、抑制肾上腺皮质功能等不良反应。

Pharmacological Features and Clinical Application of Etomidate

Etomidate is a kind of hypnotic intravenous anesthetics.The pharmacological features include short half time of both elimination and instant infusion,rapidly going through the blood-brain barrier,strong hypnotic effect,rapid onset of action,wide safety margin,fast recovery from unconsciousness,little influence on respiratory and circulatory systems and so on.Etomidate is the only drug that does not interfere with the cardiovascular stability in the intravenous anesthetics,and it can also reduce the intracranial pressure and maintain cerebral perfusion.It is especially suitable for the patients of old age,or with coronary heart disease,high blood pressure and shock.Myoclonus,nausea and vomiting,inhibition of adrenocortical function and other side effects may be observed after the application of etomidate.