某院实习护生压力源和压力程度调查研究

目的 调查福州市某三级甲等医院实习护生的压力状况,并对结果进行分析,提出对策,为临床教育者和管理者对实习护生针对性减压提供参考.方法 应用自制量表对福州某三级甲等医院2012~2013年126名实习护生发放问卷调查.结果 56.35%的实习护生有中等水平的压力,本科生占45.07%,1.59%的实习护生有高水平的压力,均为本科生,压力来源依次为：工作性质与内容、社会因素、患者的情况、对知识技能需求、病房的环境氛围、监督与评价.前10位的压力源分别为接触传染性疾病、处理患者紧急情况的能力、出现差错可能性等.其中43名本科生最大的压力源为接触传染性疾病,46名大专生最大的压力源为出现差错可能性,37名中专生最大的压力源为患者得不到医生和护士的关怀或因贫穷得不到全面治疗,因此产生无助感.本科生的压力程度大于大专生,大专生的压力程度大于中专生,男实习护生的压力程度低于女实习护生,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 护理临床带教教师应充分重视实习护生的压力源和压力程度,针对学历和性别差异采取有效措施,减轻其压力,使之保持身心健康.

Investigation on stressors and stress level of students nurses in a hospital

Objective To investigate and analyze the main stressors and stress level among nursing students during clin- ical practice in a Grade III-A hospital in Fuzhou, in order to provide reference for pertinent stress of the students nursing for clini- ca1 educators and administrators on the basis of the analysis results and countermeasures. Methods Self-made questionnaires were used in a Grade lll-A hospital in Fuzhou during the year of 2012-2013 to investigate stressors and stress level among 126 nursing students. Results 56.35% of the nursing students had moderate stress level with the undergraduate accounting for 45.07%;1.59 % of the nursing students were with high-level stress and all of them were undergraduate with the stressors in order： the content and nature of work, social problems, patient＇s condition, demands of knowledge and skill, environment and atmosphere of ward, supervision and evaluation. The top ten stressors were the exposure to contagious diseases, ability to deal with urgent con- dition, possibility to make mistakes and so on. The utmost pressure source of 43 undergraduates was from contagious disease;the biggest pressure source of 46 junior college students was the possibility of errors, and the main stressor of the 37 secondary school students were the sense of helplessness, coming from the little care from doctors and nurses or the incomprehensive treatment be- cause of poverty. The stress level of undergraduates was greater than that of the junior college students ; the stress level of junior college students was greater than that of the secondary school students ; the stress level of male nursing students was lower than that of the female nursing students, and the difference had statistical significance （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Clinical teacher should payat- tention to the stressors and stress level of the nursing students, aiming to the educational background and gender difference, to take effective measures to reduce their tress and keep physical and psychological health.