1995年与2005年西南地区少数民族学生龋齿患病状况分析

目的了解西南地区少数民族学生龋齿患病状况，掌握其龋病发展特点、规律及趋势，为该地区防龋工作的开展提供参考。方法利用1995年和2005年西南地区少数民族学生体质健康调研所获得的龋齿数据，对该地区少数民族学生的龋齿状况进行统计分析。结果2005年苗族学生龋患率相对处于较低水平（男女学生乳龋患率分别为42．33％和37．37％，恒龋患率分别为10．28％和12．88％），羌族学生乳龋患率处于较高水平（男女学生分别为67．53％和68．32％），哈尼族学生恒龋患率处于较高水平（男女学生分别为24．82％和31．97％）。2005年西南地区少数民族学生龋患率均属很低水平。2005年与1995年相比，西南地区少数民族学生龋患率多数出现上升，其中，哈尼族学生出现大幅上升，平均上升幅度变动在19．42％～35．97％之间，苗族和藏族学生乳龋患率出现明显下降。结论10年间西南地区不同少数民族学生龋患率、龋均有不同程度变化，应针对学生龋齿患病的特点采取相应的防治措施，进一步加强该地区少数民族学生口腔健康教育及行为指导。

Analysis on states of dental caries among national minority students of Southwest China in 1995 and 2005

Objective To understand the status, develop features, rules and trends of dental caries among national minority students in southwest area, to provide evidence for preventing dental caries. Methods Dates of dental caries obtained from the reports of investigation about minority students physical fitness and health in 1995 and 2005 were analyzed. Results For the prevalence of dental caries in 2005, Miao nationality students were lower （the primary caries rate was 42.33% for boy and 37.37% for girl, the permanent caries rate was 10.28% for boy and 12.88% for girl ）. Qiang nationality students were higher for primary teeth caries （ the primary teeth caries rate was 67.53 % for boy and 68.32% for girl） and Hani nationality students were higher for permanent teeth caries （the permanent teeth caries rate was 24.82 % for boy and 31.97 % for girl ）. The average decayed deciduous teeth rates of minority students in Northwest China were low in 2005 and 1995. Dental caries rate of 2005 was higher in most of the minority students than that of 1995. Dental caries rate of Hani nationality students rised greatly, the average rise range was between 19.42% and 35.97%. Miao and Zang nationality students appeared obviously decline. Conclusion Features of dental caries were changed among minority students in Northwest China. The relevant departments should take the corresponding prevention measure. Moreover, it was necessary to reinforce health education of oral cavity and action guidance for minority students.