重庆酉阳县土家族青少年屈光不正及相关因素的流行病学调查

目的：了解重庆市酉阳县土家族青少年人群屈光不正的患病率及其影响因素。方法：横断面调查研究。采用分层整群抽样的方法，对重庆市酉阳县城镇和乡村各2所中学（初中和高中）的土家族青少年共973例进行眼科检查。通过电脑自动验光及1%环戊通滴眼液扩瞳后检影验光获得青少年的屈光状态，以调查问卷方式了解并分析近视发生的相关因素，包括户外活动时间、父母屈光状态等。采用Pearson卡方检验以及Pearson和Spearman相关性分析对数据进行处理。结果：近视（等效球镜度≤-0.50 D）、远视（等效球镜度≥+0.50 D）以及散光（柱镜度≤-0.50 D）的患病率分别为66.3%（645例），17.5%（170例）和15.1%（147例）。高度近视检出25例，占总检出人数的2.6%。男生近视患病率（59.8%）显著低于女生（72.5%） （ χ 2 =17.53，P < 0.001）。城镇青少年近视患病率（77.9%）显著高于乡村青少年（51.6%） （ χ 2 =74.12，P < 0.001）。随着年龄增长，近视患病率逐渐升高（ χ 2 =84.70，P < 0.001），远视患病率逐渐降低（ χ 2 =78.30，P < 0.001）。近视的土家族青少年中，父母双方均存在（ χ 2 =10.85，P=0.001）或单方存在（ χ 2 =56.01，P < 0.001）近视的概率显著高于非近视青少年。青少年户外活动时间与屈光状态呈显著正相关（r 2 =0.781，P < 0.001）。结论：重庆市酉阳县土家族青少年女性近视患病率较高；城镇青少年近视患病率高于乡村；近视发病与父母近视和户外活动时间相关。

An Epidemiological Survey of Refractive Error and Associated Factors among Tujia Teenagers in Youyang County of Chongqing,China

Objective: To investigate refractive errors and associated factors among Tujia teenagers in Youyang County of Chongqing. Methods: Urban and rural Tujia students (n=973) from four middle and high schools in Youyang County of Chongqing were selected by random cluster sampling. Visual acuity was checked by auto refractometry, and retinoscopy was performed after pupil dilation by 1% cyclopentanone.Factors related to visual acuity, parental refractive status and including outdoor activities, were recorded.Statistical analyses were performed by Pearson chi-square test and Pearson and Spearman correlationanalyses. Results: The prevalence of myopia spherical equivalent (SE) ≤-0.50 diopter (D)], hyperopia(SE≥+0.50 D), and astigmatism (≤-0.50 D) was 66.3% (645 cases), 17.5% (170 cases), and 15.1% (147 cases) respectively. Twenty-five students (2.6%) had high myopia. Males had a lower prevalence of myopia (59.8%) than females (72.5%) ( χ 2 =17.53, P < 0.001). Urban students (77.9%) had a higher prevalence than rural students (51.6%) ( χ 2 =74.12, P < 0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with age ( χ 2 =84.70, P < 0.001), while the prevalence of hyperopia decreased ( χ 2 =78.30, P < 0.001). In myopes the incidence of myopia in both parents or only one parent was greater compared to non-myopes ( χ 2 =10.85, P=0.001; χ 2 =56.01, P < 0.001 respectively). Outdoor activities were correlated with a reduction in the incidence of myopia (r 2 =0.781, P < 0.001). Conclusions:Male teenagers had a lower prevalence of myopia than females in Youyang County, Chongqing, China. Urban teenagers had a higher prevalence of myopia than rural students. Myopia was related to parental myopia and outdoor activities.