胃空肠吻合术后胆总管结石腹腔镜手术取石和内镜取石的比较

目的: 探讨胃空肠吻合术后胆总管结石腹腔镜手术取石或内镜取石的疗效及优劣。方法: 回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年12月的25例既往有胃空肠吻合手术史的胆总管结石患者的临床资料。按胆总管结石的处理方法分为腹腔镜手术组和内镜取石组,其中腹腔镜手术组15例,内镜取石组10例,比较两种方法的一般资料及治疗情况。结果: 25例胃切除术后胆总管结石患者,毕Ⅱ式(Billroth Ⅱ)吻合术21例,Roux-en-Y吻合术4例,其中6例患者在急性胆管炎状态下行手术或内镜取石。腹腔镜手术组15例患者中5例有大于1 cm的胆总管结石,7例有多发胆总管结石;内镜取石组10例患者中3例有大于1 cm的胆总管结石,4例有多发胆总管结石。腹腔镜手术组更多患者合并胆囊结石,其中6例经胆囊管取石成功,未放置T管,内镜取石组患者中4例内镜单次取石成功,其中3例为单发小结石,另1例为多发小结石。有2例患者因粘连严重腹腔镜手术失败中转开腹,1例Roux-en-Y吻合术患者内镜取石失败,转行腹腔镜手术取石。腹腔镜手术组和内镜取石组的中位住院时间分别为12 d和10 d。共有3例患者术后出现并发症,均经保守治疗后好转。结论: 腹腔镜手术及内镜取石在胃空肠吻合术后的胆总管结石治疗中均可行,各有优势,相互补充,两种方法均有较高难度,需结合具体技术能力合理选择。

Comparison of the minimally invasive treatments of laparoscopic and endosopic for common bile duct stones after gastrojejunostomy

Objective: To explore the feasibility and to compare the merits and demerits of laparoscopic and endoscopic approach in removing common bile duct stones in patients with gastrojejunostomy after gastrectomy.Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2016, 25 patients with common bile duct stones after gastrojejunostomy received laparoscopic or endoscopic treatment in our centers. They were divided into laparoscopic group and endoscopic group based on treatment approaches for common bile duct stones, including 15 patients in laparoscopic group and 10 in endoscopic group. The clinical characteristics and outcomes between the two groups were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Among the 25 patients with gastrojejunostomy, the method of reconstruction was Billroth Ⅱ in 21 patients and Roux-en-Y in 4 patients. Six patients received laparoscopic or endoscopic treatment during the acute cholangitis state. Among the laparoscopic group, 5 patients with stones more than 1 cm, 7 patients with multiple stones, while in the endoscopic group, 3 patients with stones more than 1 cm and 4 patients with multiple stones. Fourteen patients in the laparoscopic group with coexisting gallbladder stones, and 6 of their common bile duct stones were successfully removed by transcystic approach without T tube drainage. Stone removals were successful in 4 patients of the endoscopic group by a single performance, including 3 patients with single small stone and one patient with multiple small stones. Two patients in the laparoscopic group were converted to open surgery for severe adhesion and one patient in the endoscopic group turned to laparoscopic operation for failing of finding papilla in the Roux-en-Y anastomotic status. The median hospital stays were 12 d and 10 d, respectively in the laparoscopic and endoscopic group. There were 3 patients with postoperative complications, including one patient with paralytic ileus in the laparoscopic group and 2 patients with biliary pancreatitis or bacteremia in the endoscopic group, and all of them recovered uneventfully with conservative treatment.Conclusion: Both laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches are feasible for removing stones in the common bile duct in patients with gastrojejunostomy after gastrectomy, and they complement each other. In addition, both techniques are difficult to conduct, and a technical competence should be considered in selection of each method.