无牙颌患者locator附着体种植覆盖义齿修复后口腔卫生维护的纵向研究

目的:调查无牙颌患者locator附着体种植覆盖义齿修复后口腔卫生维护状况,分析其口腔卫生维护行为、卫生状况与种植体周围软硬组织健康的相关性。方法:纳入2012年1月至2016年5月于北京大学口腔医院修复科接受locator附着体种植覆盖义齿修复的无牙颌患者,复查时记录种植体周围病的发生情况、改良菌斑指数(modified plaque index, mPLI)、探诊出血指数(sulcus bleeding index, SBI)、牙龈指数(gingival index, GI)、探诊深度(probing depth, PD)等,并利用X线平行投照法观察边缘骨吸收,同时调查患者对附着体的日常清洁行为。分析患者的口腔卫生维护行为、卫生状况与种植体周围病发生率的关系。结果:共纳入50名患者(125枚种植体),平均随访了22个月(6~54个月),平均mPLI、SBI、GI分别为1.4±1.2、0.8±0.7、0.7±0.6,PD为(2.2±0.7) mm,近远中边缘骨吸收分别为(1.1±1.1) mm、(0.9±0.9) mm。种植体周围黏膜炎的发生率为49.6%,种植体周围炎的发生率为0。口腔卫生差(mPLI≥2)的患者种植体周围黏膜炎的发生率是口腔卫生良好者(mPLI<1)的11.9倍,每日清洁附着体两次及以上的患者mPLI得分显著低于清洁次数不足两次的患者(P<0.05)。结论:无牙颌患者种植locator附着体种植覆盖义齿修复后的口腔卫生维护不足,口腔卫生维护不良与无牙颌患者种植体周围黏膜炎的发生相关,口腔卫生差的患者种植体发生黏膜炎的风险是口腔卫生良好者的11.9倍,附着体的清洁是患者应关注的重点内容。

Oral hygiene maintenance of locator attachments implant overdentures in edentulous population: A longitudinal study

Objective: To investigate the oral hygiene status of edentulous patients with locator attachments implant overdentures (IOD) and to analyze the relationship among daily hygiene behavior, oral hygiene status and peri-implant diseases. Methods: Edentulous patients who received IOD treatment with locator attachments from January 2012 to May 2016 were recruited. Clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted to assess the peri-implant tissue status. Modified plaque index (mPLI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD) were recorded and peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL) was measured using paralleling projection technique. Patients’ peri-implant oral hygiene maintainence habits were investigated. The correlation between peri-implant diseases and oral hygiene status and behaviors was analyzed. Results: Fifty patients (125 implants) with an average follow-up time of 22 months (6-54 months) were enrolled. The mean values of mPLI, SBI, and GI were 1.4±1.2, 0.8±0.7, and 0.7±0.6, respectively. Average PD was (2.2±0.7) mm. Mesial and distal maginal bone resorptions were (1.1±1.1) mm and (0.9±0.9) mm, respectively. The prevalance of mucositis and peri-implantitis of the implants were 49.6% and 0. The prevelance of mucositis in the patients with poor oral hygiene (mPLI≥2) was 11.9 times as much as that of those with adequate oral hygiene (mPLI<1). The patients who performed oral hygiene procedure on attachments at least twice a day achieved much lower mPLI scores than those who cleaned less than twice a day. Conclusion: Oral hygiene condition in the group of patients with implant overdentures was poor, and it contributed to increased risk of peri-implant mucositis. The prevelance of musositis of the paitients with poor oral hygiene was 11.9 times as much as that of those with proper oral hygiene. Patients wearing IOD should pay more attention to the hygiene of the attachments.