肠道菌群与子宫内膜癌

肠道菌群可完成宿主生理所需的多种功能,如保护宿主免受病原体入侵,调节代谢、发育,维持免疫和神经系统的稳态。尽管肠道菌群受年龄、生活习惯、生理活动、激素水平、抗生素及放射治疗等因素的影响,但其在健康成人体内仍保持稳态。近年来,许多研究报道肠道菌群组成改变与恶性肿瘤和其他疾病的发生发展有关,如炎性肠病、高血压、多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)、肥胖、糖尿病、结直肠癌、乳腺癌等。有文献报道子宫内膜癌发生与PCOS、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、高血压、高雌激素水平和年龄等因素有关;肠道菌群稳态的破坏会促进肥胖、高血压、PCOS及高雌激素水平的发生,提示肠道菌群与子宫内膜癌之间可能存在某种关联。本文总结近年来关于肠道菌群与子宫内膜癌风险因素的关联以及可能的肿瘤发生机制的研究进展,为日后继续研究子宫内膜癌的新型诊断、预后和治疗策略提供参考。

Gut Microbiome and Endometrial Cancer

The intestinal flora (gut microbiome) perform many of the physiological functions required for host, such as the protection against invading pathogen, regulation of metabolism and development, maintain the homeostasis of immunity and the nervous system. Although the gut microbiome was influenced by age, diet, physical activity, hormonal cycles, antibiotics and radiotherapy, it is practically stable in healthy adults. In recent years, studies showed that many changes in the composition of gut microbiome were connected with the development of malignant tumor and other diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity, diabetes, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and so on. It has been reported that endometrial cancer is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, high estrogen level and age, while the destruction of gut microbiome homeostasis promotes the development of obesity, hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome and high estrogen level. Therefore, there is a potential relationship between gut microbiome and endometrial cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize those studies on the gut microbiome in patients with endometrial cancer and discuss the possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis, so as to provide a reference for the future study on the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic strategies of endometrial cancer.