谷氨酰胺代谢对卵巢肿瘤细胞生物学行为的影响

谷氨酰胺是可以由细胞自身合成的非必需氨基酸，对体外培养的哺乳动物细胞生长和增殖具有非常重要的意义。在肿瘤细胞增殖过程中谷氨酰胺不仅满足了蛋白质合成的需要，也是嘌呤和嘧啶合成过程中氮元素的主要供体。研究显示谷氨酰胺成瘾的肿瘤细胞依赖谷氨酰胺生存，并通过三羧酸循环对谷氨酰胺利用进行重编程。阻断高侵袭性卵巢癌细胞中谷氨酰胺进入三羧酸循环，或抑制低侵袭性卵巢癌细胞谷氨酰胺合成，可能是卵巢癌潜在的治疗方法。谷氨酰胺代谢与卵巢癌不良预后有关；抑制谷氨酰胺代谢通路和以铂类为基础的联合使用，可能是卵巢癌治疗的新策略，特别是耐药性卵巢癌。综述谷氨酰胺代谢在卵巢癌细胞增殖、侵袭和药物抵抗等生物学行为方面的作用，探讨其作为潜在的卵巢癌诊断、治疗和预后的新靶点或生物标记。

Effect of Glutamine Metabolism on Biological Behavior of Ovarian Tumor Cells

Glutamine is a nonessential amino acid that can be synthesized by cells, nevertheless, it is important for the growth and proliferation of the in vitro cultured mammalian cells. During the proliferation of tumor cellss, glutamine goes far beyond satisfying protein synthesis, also as an indispensable donor of reduced nitrogen for purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Studies showed that the survival of glutamine-addicted cancer cells were relied on glutamine, and the glutamine utilization was reprogrammed through the Krebs cycle. It was reported that blocking glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid cycle in high-invasive ovarian cancer cells, or inhibiting glutamine synthesis in low-invasive ovarian cancer cells, could be a potential treatment for ovarian cancer. Glutamine metabolism is associated with poor prognosis of ovarian cancer; the chemotherapy based on platinum and combined with the inhibition of glutamine metabolism could be a new treatment strategy of ovarian cancer, especially for drug-resistant ovarian cancer. We review the research progress on the glutamine metabolism of ovarian cancer cells and its function in cell proliferation, invasion and drug resistance, and discuss the possibility of glutamine metabolism as a biomarker or target for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ovarian cancer.