472名学龄前儿童口腔健康现状及干预效果评价

目的 调查沈阳市学龄前儿童口腔健康保健状况,制定干预方案,并评价干预效果。方法 在沈阳市内抽取2所条件相近、规模相当的幼儿园,选取就读于小班和中班的所有儿童作为研究对象。采用一般情况调查表、儿童口腔卫生保健知识需求问卷和儿童口腔健康检查表进行调查。制定干预方案,在干预后6个月、1年进行干预效果评价。结果 沈阳市地区学龄前儿童平均龋齿数为2.82颗,患龋率为62.9%,干预第6个月,两组儿童平均龋齿数、患龋率均有所增加,但干预组的患龋率增幅低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预1年时,干预组的平均龋齿数、患龋率均下降,与基线调查时无差异,对照组虽有所下降,仍高于基线调查时。干预过程中,患龋儿童龋病治疗率均得到了提高,但两组之间差异无统计学意义。结论 沈阳市学龄前儿童患龋率较高,及早进行健康教育并给予干预,可以减少儿童龋齿的发生。

Oral health status and evaluation of intervention effect among 472 preschool children

Objective To investigate the oral health status of preschool children in Shenyang,to formulate the intervention project, and to evaluate the effect of intervention.Methods All children from two kindergartens with similar conditions and scale in Shenyang were selected as participants. The general situation questionnaire, childrens′oral health care knowledge demand questionnaire and the children′s oral health checklist were used as tools. The effect of intervention was evaluated in six months and one year after intervention.Results The average number of caries in preschool children among Shenyang was 2.82, and the prevalence rate of dental caries was 62.9%. After six months of intervention, the average number of caries and its prevalence increased in both groups. But the increase of dental caries prevalence in intervention group was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05). After one year of intervention, the average number of caries and its prevalence decreased in both groups. And there was no statistically significant difference between one year and the baseline in the average number of caries and caries prevalence rate in intervention group (P＞0.05), but not in control group. In the process of intervention, the rate of caries treatment for children with caries was improved, but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children in Shenyang is relatively high,so early health education and intervention should be emphasized.