早期胃癌白光内镜下特征分析

目的: 了解早期胃癌病灶在白光内镜下的主要特征及早期胃癌患者的临床特点,为临床医师行白光胃镜初步筛查提供合理建议。方法: 回顾性分析2009 年4 月至2017 年6 月北京大学第三医院经内镜黏膜下剥离或外科手术切除病理学诊断证实为早期胃癌的患者,收集患者性别、年龄、症状、家族史、查体结果等临床资料,分析普通白光内镜下病灶的内镜下长径、部位分布、病灶质地、自发性出血、伴随黏膜色泽和形态等内镜特征,总结早期胃癌病灶的病理下长径、浸润深度和分化程度。结果: 共纳入271 例早期胃癌患者共279处病灶。在271 例患者中,男性190 例,女性81 例,平均年龄为(63.7±12.4)岁。主要临床症状为腹痛88 例(32.5%)和腹部不适61 例(22.5%)。胃癌家族史阳性患者20 例(7.4%)。腹部查体正常的患者居多,占86.0%(233/271)。幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP)检出率为34.2%(79/231),2011年检出率最高为45.5%(10/22),2014年检出率最低为28.1%(9/32)。在279 处早期胃癌病灶中,内镜下长径的均值为(2.01±1.20) cm,以单发病灶为主,占97.0%(263/271),主要受累部位为胃窦114 处(40.9%)、角切迹62 处(22.2%)和贲门54 处(19.4%)。病灶质地以质脆居多,占45.5%(56/123),多有自发性出血,占52.3%(146/279),伴随黏膜色泽以正常居多,占72.8%(203/279)。病灶形态以Ⅱa+Ⅱc型居多,为100 处(35.8%),有糜烂和浅溃疡等黏膜破损者152 处(54.5%)。在279 处早期胃癌病灶中,病理下长径的均值为(2.05±1.48) cm,黏膜内癌占61.6%(172/279),中分化型胃癌占52.8%(131/248)。结论: 在普通白光内镜下应注意平坦型病灶的浅表隆起和凹陷,注意有无黏膜破损,有利于发现早期胃癌。

Characteristics analysis of early gastric cancer under white light endoscopy

Objective: To investigate endoscopic features of early gastric cancer and clinical features of the patients, which may be helpful to provide reasonable suggestions for physicians to diagnose early gastric cancer during preliminary screening of white light gastroscopy.Methods: A total of 271 patients who received endoscopic submucosal dissection or surgical operation to confirm early gastric cancer in Peking University Third Hospital from Apr.2009 to Jun.2017 were included for the retrospective review. Clinical information was collected, including gender, age, symptoms, family history and physical examination. The endoscopic characteristics of lesions under white light endoscopy were analyzed, including endoscopic long diameter, location, texture, spontaneous bleeding, mucosal color and morphology. The pathologic long diameter, infiltration depth and differentiation degree of early gastric cancer were also summarized.Results: The study included 271 patients and 279 lesions. Among the 271 cases, 190 were male, 81 were female, average age was (63.7±12.4) years. There were 88 cases (32.5%) and 61 cases (22.5%) with the symptom of abdominal pain and discomfort respectively. The patients with family history of gastric cancer were 20 (7.4%). Abdominal physical examinations of the patients were mostly normal, accounting for 86.0% (233/271).Total detection rate of helicobacter pylori (HP) was 34.2% (79/231), with the highest rate 45.5% (10/22) in 2011 and the lowest rate 28.1% (9/32) in 2014. Among the 279 lesions, the mean endoscopic long diameter was (2.01±1.20) cm. The lesions were mainly single, accounting for 97.0% (263/271). There were 114 cases (40.9%), 62 cases (22.2%), 54 cases (19.4%) in the antrum, angular sulcus and cardia of stomach respectively. The lesions were mostly fragile, accounting for 45.5% (56/123). Most lesions had spontaneous bleeding, accounting for 52.3% (146/279). The mucosal color was mostly normal, accounting for 72.8% (203/279).The most common macroscopic morphology was Ⅱa+Ⅱc type (100 cases, 35.8%) and the lesions usually had mucous membrane damage like erosion and shallow ulcer(127 cases,45.5%). Among the 279 lesions, the mean pathologic long diameter was (2.05±1.48) cm. Intramucosal carcinoma accounted for 61.6% (172/279) and moderate differentiated gastric cancers accounted for 52.8% (131/248).Conclusion: In order to improve diagnosis of early gastric cancer,superficial elevation and depression of flat lesions as well as mucous membrane damage under white light endoscopy should be taken notice.