唐山地区青少年儿童近视增速与季节的关系

目的：研究唐山地区青少年儿童近视屈光度增加速度与季节变化的相关性。方法：前瞻性研究。自2017 年3 月20 日起，为期1 周，等距随机抽样法抽取唐山市眼科医院视光学诊疗中心就诊的青少年儿童近视患者212 例（424 眼），年龄8～16 岁。盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液散瞳验光，测量并记录客观屈光度，之后配戴单焦点框架眼镜；同年9月23日起，为期1周复查其客观屈光度；2018年3月21日起，再次复查记录其客观屈光度。进行整群、不同性别、不同年龄组（8～10 岁、11～13 岁、14～16 岁）的冬季半年和夏季半年2 个时间段屈光度变化量比较，研究屈光度变化量与季节的关系。采用配对t检验进行数据分析。结果：唐山地区青少年儿童近视冬季半年（0.46±0.12）D]近视屈光度增加速度快于夏季半年（0.31±0.09）D]，差异有统计学意义（t=5.43，P=0.009）。不管是男生（t=4.36，P=0.013）还是女生（t=4.87，P=0.012）， 还是不同年龄组8～10岁（t=2.31，P=0.042）；11～13岁（t=5.25，P=0.010）；14～16岁（t=4.72，P=0.011）]均是冬季半年近视屈光度增长快于夏季半年，差异有统计学意义。结论：唐山地区青少年儿童冬季半年近视增加速度快于夏季半年。该地区的青少年儿童近视防控工作应多关注冬季半年。

Relationship between an Increased Rate of Juvenile Myopia and Seasonal Variation in Tangshan Area

Objective: To investigate the correlation between an increased rate of juvenile myopia and seasonal variation in the Tangshan area. Methods: In this prospective study, 212 myopic juveniles (424 eyes) (age 8-16 years) were recruited from the Tangshan City Ophthalmology Hospital from March 20 to March 26, 2017. The refractive errors of the juveniles were recorded after cycloplegia, and monofocal glasses were prescribed. The same procedure was repeated September 23 to September 29, 2017 and March 21 to March 27, 2018. The changes in refractive error between summer and winter were compared using a paired t-test. Results: Myopia increased faster in the winter (0.46±0.12)D than in the summer (0.31±0.09)D,and the differences were significant (t=5.43, P=0.009). The same tendencies happened in juvenile males(t=4.36, P=0.013) and females (t=4.87, P=0.012), 8-10 years of age (t=2.31, P=0.042), 11-13 years of age (t=5.25, P=0.010), and 14-16 years of age (t=4.72, P=0.011). Conclusions: Myopia increase faster in thewinter than in the summer in Tangshan area. We should pay more attention to the prevention and control of myopia in the winter half of the year in Tangshan.