上海市中小学生1979～2000年生长发育状况

目的　了解上海市中小学生生长发育现状及长期变化趋势。方法　根据全国学生体质健康调研的实施方案分层整群抽样 ,并进行统计分析。结果　 2 0 0 0年上海 7～ 1 8岁城乡男女学生形态指标 (身高、体重、胸围 )差异仍存在 ,但差异呈缩小趋势。与历年资料比较 ,优于历年均值 (P <0 .0 1 )。维尔维克指数显示男生大于女生 ,除女生 1 6～ 1 8岁年龄组外城市大于乡村。女生月经初潮平均年龄城乡分别为 1 1 .86岁和 1 2 .92岁 ,男生首次遗精平均年龄城乡分别为 1 4 .55岁、1 4 .0 2岁。结论　上海 7～ 1 8岁学生形态发育仍处于稳定增长期 ,女生月经初潮和男生首次遗精有提前趋势。

Growth and Development Status of Shanghai Students, 1979-2000

Objective To understand growth and development status and secular growth trend among Shanghai students of primary and secondary schools. Methods According to program for the national survey of students constitution and health, a stratified cluster sampling method was used,and the statistical methods which were requested in the program were used to data analyses. Results There were significant differences in some morphological indices including height, weight and chest circumference between urban students and rural students, and between boys and girls in Shanghai, but the significance was reduced. These morphological indices were greater as compared with data collected in the past years( P <0.01). Boys had greater Vervaeck index than girls, and urban students had greater the index than rural students except girls in age group 16-18 years. The average age at menarche was 11.86 years in urban girls, 12.92 years in rural girls, and the average age of first spontaneous nocturnal emission was 14.55 years in urban boys and 14.02 years in rural boys.Conclusions Shanghai students aged 7-18 years are still in steady growth period, the age at menarche in Shanghai girls and the age of first spontaneous nocturnal emission in Shanghai boys have fallen slightly over the last 20 years.